The increasing production of solid waste rate in urban areas plays a critical role in sustainable development. To mitigate the adverse effects of waste and enhance waste management efficiency, this paper introduces a holistic approach that notably reduces the overall cost while mitigating social and environmental impacts. Central to the system's efficacy is the critical process of waste sorting, which enhances the output value of the waste management system. While previous studies have not extensively addressed simultaneous waste collection and sorting, this paper provides an innovative integrated framework. This approach Integrates waste collection with various bins, followed by their transfer to separation centers. At these centers, waste is categorized into organic and non-organic varieties, which are then dispatched to a recovery center at the second level. In the context of optimizing the routes at both levels, this paper presents a green, multi-objective location-allocation model. This model is designed to optimize the number and location of separation center facilities. Since the routing problem is influenced by the facility location model, it is addressed as a multi-depot green vehicle routing problem, integrating real-time information from IoT-equipped bins. This paper also proposes the vehicle routing problem with a split pickup, aiming to minimize cost, CO₂ emissions, and visual pollution. The developed mathematical models formulate the proposed problem and it is solved by the GAMS optimization software, to apply an exact method, while Social Engineering Optimization and Keshtel algorithms are deployed to solve the routing problem for larger sizes. The proposed approach offers a comprehensive and sustainable solution to waste management, filling crucial gaps in current research and practice.

城市固体废物产生率的不断提高对可持续发展起着至关重要的作用。为了减轻废物的不利影响并提高废物管理效率，本文引入了一种整体方法，可显着降低总体成本，同时减轻社会和环境影响。该系统功效的核心是废物分类的关键过程，它提高了废物管理系统的产出值。虽然之前的研究没有广泛讨论同时进行的废物收集和分类，但本文提供了一个创新的综合框架。这种方法将废物收集与各种垃圾箱结合起来，然后将其转移到分离中心。在这些中心，废物被分为有机和无机品种，然后被送往二级回收中心。在优化两个层面的路线的背景下，本文提出了一种绿色、多目标的位置分配模型。该模型旨在优化分离中心设施的数量和位置。由于路径问题受到设施位置模型的影响，因此它被解决为多站点绿色车辆路径问题，集成了来自物联网装备箱的实时信息。本文还提出了分体式皮卡的车辆路径问题，旨在最大限度地降低成本、CO ₂排放和视觉污染。开发的数学模型制定了所提出的问题，并通过 GAMS 优化软件应用精确的方法来解决，同时部署社会工程优化和 Keshtel 算法来解决较大规模的路由问题。所提出的方法为废物管理提供了全面且可持续的解决方案，填补了当前研究和实践中的关键空白。