Positive emotions stemming from leisure activities are often promoted as a way to achieve a state of recovery, in particular by counteracting negative emotions experienced throughout the workday. Yet the recovery literature frequently takes an undifferentiated view of both the positive emotions employees experience as well as the negative emotions employees are recovering from. This implicitly assumes that all positive emotions are equally effective in facilitating recovery from all negative emotions. Drawing from theory treating emotional movements as a metaphorical journey, we develop a framework for understanding recovery that highlights the importance of the distance and direction that individuals "travel" when moving from negative emotions to positive emotions during the recovery process. We argue that the negative emotions that people start with from work-that is, their emotional origin-as well as the positive emotions that people end with following leisure activities-that is, their emotional destination-jointly influence the state of being recovered. Across two studies using experience-sampling methodologies, we find that "shorter" journeys consisting of emotional destinations that match the activation level of emotional origins (e.g., experiencing high activation positive emotion [HAP] to counter high activation negative emotion) are effective in promoting recovery, while "longer" journeys consisting of mismatches (e.g., experiencing HAP to counter low activation negative emotion) are ineffective for recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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距离和方向：恢复过程的情感之旅。

休闲活动产生的积极情绪通常被视为实现恢复状态的一种方式，特别是通过抵消整个工作日经历的消极情绪。然而，关于康复的文献经常对员工经历的积极情绪和员工正在从中恢复的消极情绪采取不加区别的看法。这隐含地假设所有积极情绪在促进从所有消极情绪中恢复方面同样有效。根据将情绪运动视为隐喻旅程的理论，我们开发了一个理解恢复的框架，该框架强调了个人在恢复过程中从消极情绪转变为积极情绪时“旅行”的距离和方向的重要性。我们认为，人们从工作开始的消极情绪，即情绪的起源，以及人们在休闲活动后结束的积极情绪，即情绪的归宿，共同影响着恢复状态。在使用体验抽样方法的两项研究中，我们发现由与情绪起源的激活水平相匹配的情绪目的地组成的“较短”旅程（例如，体验高激活的积极情绪[HAP]以对抗高激活的消极情绪）可以有效促进恢复，而由不匹配组成的“较长”旅程（例如，经历HAP来对抗低激活的负面情绪）对于恢复是无效的。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。