It is clear that sexual harassment has a profound impact on the victims who are targets of these egregious behaviors. Comparably less is known, however, about how other members of the organization react affectively and behaviorally when these acts transpire, and who has stronger reactions to such events. In the current research, we draw from the sexual harassment and vicarious mistreatment literatures to develop a theoretical model that considers how bystanders react behaviorally to ambient harassment-the experience of overhearing sexist and disparaging gender-related comments without necessarily being the direct target of such remarks-by enacting various types of voice behaviors at work via feelings of fear and anger. We also explore whether certain work conditions-namely an organization's tolerance for sexual harassment-attenuate such reactions, and how gender of the witness to ambient harassment may shape the effects. Across an experimental investigation (Study 1) and an experience sampling study (Study 2), we find that exposure to ambient harassment is positively related to feelings of fear and anger. In Study 2, we further unpack the differential behavioral consequences associated with ambient harassment, finding that while anger is positively related to voice after witnessing ambient harassment, fear negatively contributed to voice behaviors at work. Interestingly, these effects were further exacerbated for employees who worked in an organization tolerant of sexual harassment and for men (vs. women). Combined, our results shed light on how, and when, employees can feel empowered to enact voice behaviors after experiencing ambient harassment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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当骚扰盛行时，谁站出来说话？对工作中环境骚扰和言语行为的内部调查。

显然，性骚扰对这些恶劣行为的受害者产生了深远的影响。然而，当这些行为发生时，组织的其他成员如何做出情感和行为反应，以及谁对此类事件的反应更强烈，人们知之甚少。在当前的研究中，我们借鉴性骚扰和替代性虐待文献，建立了一个理论模型，考虑旁观者如何对环境骚扰做出行为反应——无意中听到性别歧视和贬低与性别相关的评论的经历，但不一定是此类言论的直接目标-通过恐惧和愤怒的感觉在工作中表现出各种类型的声音行为。我们还探讨了某些工作条件（即组织对性骚扰的容忍度）是否会减弱此类反应，以及环境骚扰目击者的性别如何影响这种影响。通过实验调查（研究 1）和经验抽样研究（研究 2），我们发现暴露于环境骚扰与恐惧和愤怒的感觉呈正相关。在研究 2 中，我们进一步揭示了与环境骚扰相关的不同行为后果，发现虽然目睹环境骚扰后愤怒与声音呈正相关，但恐惧对工作中的声音行为产生负相关。有趣的是，对于在容忍性骚扰的组织中工作的男性员工（与女性相比），这些影响进一步加剧。总而言之，我们的结果揭示了员工在经历环境骚扰后如何以及何时感到有权采取语音行为。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。