INTRODUCTION Symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often emerge concurrently in bereavement. The understanding of temporal relationships between these syndromes in a general bereaved population is limited. This study aims to investigate temporal relationships between these syndromes from 2 months postloss throughout the two first years of bereavement. METHOD Data were derived from a registry-based cohort study with 1,224 adult participants, who lost a spouse or parent. Participants completed self-report measures of PGD, depression, and PTSD at 2, 6, 11, 18, and 26 months postloss. Random intercept cross-lagged panel analyses examined the temporal relationships between PGD, PTSD, and depression. RESULTS In spousal and parental bereavement, high levels of grief symptoms at 2 months postloss predicted subsequent high symptoms of PTSD and depression at 6 months postloss, not vice versa. PGD, PTSD, and depression showed strong intertwined relationships over the two first years of bereavement. Between-person differences explained an increasingly large amount of variance in symptoms of PGD, PTSD, and depression over time. Losing a spouse and younger age was associated with higher symptoms of PGD, PTSD, and depression compared to losing a parent and older age. CONCLUSION In the early years of bereavement, large differences exist between bereaved individuals in general levels of PGD, PTSD, and depression. Within bereaved individuals, the temporal relationships between these syndromes become increasingly complex and intertwined over time. Findings should be interpreted with respect to the nonclinical sample and self-report data used. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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长期悲伤障碍的早期症状是否会导致创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症的症状？对丧亲的头两年进行纵向登记研究。

简介 长期悲伤障碍 (PGD)、抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的症状经常在丧亲之痛中同时出现。对于一般丧亲者群体中这些综合征之间的时间关系的了解是有限的。本研究旨在调查从丧亲后 2 个月到丧亲最初两年期间这些症状之间的时间关系。方法 数据来自一项基于登记的队列研究，该研究有 1,224 名失去配偶或父母的成年参与者。参与者在失联后 2、6、11、18 和 26 个月完成了 PGD、抑郁和 PTSD 的自我报告测量。随机截距交叉滞后面板分析检查了 PGD、PTSD 和抑郁症之间的时间关系。结果 在丧偶和父母丧亲的情况下，丧亲后 2 个月内的高水平悲伤症状预示着丧亲后 6 个月内随后出现 PTSD 和抑郁症的高症状，反之亦然。在丧亲之痛的头两年里，PGD、PTSD 和抑郁症表现出紧密的交织关系。人与人之间的差异解释了随着时间的推移，PGD、创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状的差异越来越大。与失去父母和年龄较大相比，失去配偶和年龄较小与更高的 PGD、PTSD 和抑郁症状相关。结论 在丧亲之痛的最初几年，丧亲者之间的 PG​​D、PTSD 和抑郁的总体水平存在很大差异。在失去亲人的人中，这些综合症之间的时间关系随着时间的推移变得越来越复杂和交织。应根据所使用的非临床样本和自我报告数据来解释结果。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。