BACKGROUND Although many predictive parameters have been studied, an internationally accepted, validated predictive model to predict the clinical outcome of asphyxiated infants suffering from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to identify, appraise and summarize available clinical prediction models, and provide an overview of all investigated predictors for the outcome death or neurodevelopmental impairment in this population. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in Medline and Embase. Two reviewers independently included eligible studies and extracted data. The quality was assessed using PROBAST for prediction model studies and QUIPS assessment tools for predictor studies. RESULTS A total of nine prediction models were included. These models were very heterogeneous in number of predictors assessed, methods of model derivation, and primary outcomes. All studies had a high risk of bias following the PROBAST assessment and low applicability due to complex model presentation. A total of 104 predictor studies were included investigating various predictors, showing tremendous heterogeneity in investigated predictors, timing of predictors, primary outcomes, results, and methodological quality according to QUIPS. Selected high-quality studies with accurate discriminating performance provide clinicians and researchers an evidence map of predictors for prognostication after HIE in newborns. CONCLUSION Given the low methodological quality of the currently published clinical prediction models, implementation into clinical practice is not yet possible. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a prediction model which complies with the PROBAST guideline. An overview of potential predictors to include in a prediction model is presented.

中文翻译：

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缺氧缺血性脑病足月新生儿死亡或不良神经发育结果的临床预测模型和预测因素：文献的系统回顾。

背景虽然已经研究了许多预测参数，但目前缺乏国际公认的、经过验证的预测模型来预测患有缺氧缺血性脑病的窒息婴儿的临床结果。本研究的目的是识别、评估和总结可用的临床预测模型，并概述该人群死亡或神经发育障碍结果的所有研究预测因素。方法 在 Medline 和 Embase 上进行系统文献检索。两名评审员独立纳入符合条件的研究并提取数据。使用用于预测模型研究的 PROBAST 和用于预测变量研究的 QUIPS 评估工具来评估质量。结果总共包括九个预测模型。这些模型在评估的预测因子数量、模型推导方法和主要结果方面存在很大差异。所有研究在 PROBAST 评估后都存在较高的偏倚风险，并且由于复杂的模型呈现而适用性较低。总共 104 项预测研究纳入了对各种预测因素的调查，根据 QUIPS，研究的预测因素、预测因素的时间安排、主要结局、结果和方法学质量显示出巨大的异质性。精选的高质量研究具有准确的判别性能，为临床医生和研究人员提供了新生儿 HIE 后预测因素的证据图。结论 鉴于目前发表的临床预测模型的方法学质量较低，尚不可能应用于临床实践。因此，迫切需要开发一种符合PROBAST准则的预测模型。概述了预测模型中包含的潜在预测变量。