The increased tropism for malignant cells of some viruses has been highlighted in recent studies, prompting their use as a strategy to modify the transcriptional profile of those cells, while sparing the healthy ones. Likewise, they have been recognized as players modulating microenvironmental immunity, namely through an increase in antigen-presenting, natural-killer, and T CD8+ cytotoxic cells by a cross-priming mechanism elicited by tumor-associated antigens. The immunomodulatory role of the oncolytic virus seems relevant in hematological malignancies, which may relapse as a result of a proliferative burst elicited by an external stimulus in progenitor or neoplastic stem cells. By reprogramming the host cells and the surrounding environment, the potential of virotherapy ranges from the promise to eradicate the minimal measurable disease (in acute leukemia, for example), to the ex vivo purging of malignant progenitor cells in the setting of autologous bone marrow transplantation. In this review, we analyze the recent advances in virotherapy in hematological malignancies, either when administered alone or together with chemotherapeutic agents or other immunomodulators.

中文翻译：

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血液恶性肿瘤中的溶瘤病毒：劫持疾病生物学并为免疫和细胞疗法带来新希望。

最近的研究强调了一些病毒对恶性细胞的趋向性增加，促使它们被用作修改这些细胞转录谱的策略，同时不影响健康细胞。同样，它们也被认为是调节微环境免疫的参与者，即通过肿瘤相关抗原引发的交叉启动机制增加抗原呈递细胞、自然杀伤细胞和 T CD8+ 细胞毒性细胞。溶瘤病毒的免疫调节作用似乎与血液恶性肿瘤相关，血液恶性肿瘤可能由于祖细胞或肿瘤干细胞的外部刺激引起增殖爆发而复发。通过对宿主细胞和周围环境进行重新编程，病毒疗法的潜力范围广泛，从有望根除最小可测量疾病（例如急性白血病），到在自体骨髓移植中离体清除恶性祖细胞。在这篇综述中，我们分析了血液恶性肿瘤病毒疗法的最新进展，无论是单独给药还是与化疗药物或其他免疫调节剂一起给药。