OBJECTIVE Research suggests that postnatal catch-up growth after fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs frequently. Yet, postnatal growth in singletons may be influenced by multiple factors. Identical twins with discordant prenatal growth, termed selective FGR (sFGR), can be regarded as a natural experiment eliminating these sources of bias. DESIGN Observational cohort study. METHODS Monochorionic twins with sFGR born between 2002 and 2017 (aged 3-17 years) were eligible. Growth measurements (height, weight, head circumference, and body mass index) were performed at follow-up. Detailed growth curves documented by a systematic primary care system in the Netherlands were collected. Measurements were converted to standard deviation scores (SDSs). A mixed-effects model was used to assess within-pair SDS difference and individual height SDS relative to target height SDS. RESULTS Forty-seven twin pairs (94 children) were included at a median age of 11 (interquartile range 8-13) years. At the last measurement, smaller twins at birth had a lower height SDS [-0.6 vs -0.3, P < .001, median difference 0.5 (95%CI 0.4-0.7)], lower weight SDS [-0.5 vs -0.1, P < .001, median difference 0.8 (95%CI 0.5-1.0)], and lower head circumference SDS [-0.5 vs 0.2, P < .001, median difference 0.8 (95%CI 0.6-0.9)] compared to larger twins. These differences persisted until the age of 17. Smaller twins showed rapid catch-up growth in the first 2 years and reached their target height range between 8 and 11 years. CONCLUSIONS Identical twins with discordant prenatal growth maintain a modest but significant difference in height, weight, and head circumference, indicating a persistent, inhibitory effect of an adverse intrauterine environment on childhood growth.

中文翻译：

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尽管在不一致的同卵双胞胎中进行了追赶，但胎儿生长受限仍会抑制儿童期生长：一项观察性队列研究。

目的 研究表明，胎儿生长受限（FGR）后的产后追赶性生长经常发生。然而，单胎的产后生长可能受到多种因素的影响。产前生长不一致的同卵双胞胎被称为选择性 FGR (sFGR)，可以被视为消除这些偏差来源的自然实验。设计观察性队列研究。方法 2002 年至 2017 年间出生的 sFGR 单绒毛膜双胞胎（3-17 岁）符合资格。随访时进行生长测量（身高、体重、头围和体重指数）。收集了荷兰系统初级保健系统记录的详细生长曲线。测量结果转换为标准差分数 (SDS)。使用混合效应模型来评估配对内 SDS 差异以及相对于目标身高 SDS 的个体身高 SDS。结果 纳入 47 对双胞胎（94 名儿童），中位年龄为 11 岁（四分位距 8-13）岁。在最后一次测量中，出生时较小的双胞胎具有较低的身高 SDS [-0.6 vs -0.3，P < .001，中位差 0.5 (95% CI 0.4-0.7)]，较低的体重 SDS [-0.5 vs -0.1，P与较大双胞胎相比，< .001，中位差异 0.8 (95%CI 0.5-1.0)]，头围 SDS 较低 [-0.5 vs 0.2，P < .001，中位差异 0.8 (95%CI 0.6-0.9)]。这些差异一直持续到 17 岁。较小的双胞胎在头 2 年内表现出快速的追赶性生长，并在 8 至 11 岁时达到目标身高范围。结论 产前生长不一致的同卵双胞胎在身高、体重和头围方面保持着适度但显着的差异，表明不利的宫内环境对儿童生长具有持续的抑制作用。