Abstract

A novel study was undertaken for cleaning the wastewater from the paint industry by using the combinations of carbon nanoparticles produced from waste material using different methods and TiO₂ nanoparticles. Carbon nanoparticles were produced from sugarcane bagasse (a waste material) by using three different methods, namely charring in a muffle furnace (C₁), heating in the air (C₂), and treating with sulfuric acid (C₃). Atomic force microscopy demonstrated the smaller size of C₂ and C₃ nanoparticles as compared to C₁. Further, Raman spectroscopy displayed fewer defects in C₁ nanoparticles than in C₂ and C₃ but better graphene structure in C₂. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study revealed the degraded structure of carbon nanoparticles prepared by using sulfuric acid (C₃) with more functional groups than C₁ and C₂. A comparative study using UV-visible spectroscopy showed that the sulfuric acid-treated carbon nanomaterials (C₃) were more efficient in removing the contaminants from wastewater from the paint industry because of their small size and functional groups. When carbon nanoparticles were used in the combinations with TiO₂ nanoparticles, study showed that the combination of C₃ with 10% by wt TiO₂ nanoparticles were the best for clearing wastewater. Mechanisms are proposed for the synthesis of TiO₂ nanoparticles and their role along with carbon nanoparticles (C₃) for the removal of contamination from wastewater.

中文翻译：

---

使用甘蔗渣基碳纳米材料和 TiO2 纳米粒子的混合物有效处理工业废水

摘要

_{进行了一项新颖的研究，通过使用不同方法从废料中产生的碳纳米颗粒与TiO 2}纳米颗粒的组合来清洁油漆工业中的废水。采用马弗炉炭化（C ₁）、空气加热（C ₂）和硫酸处理（C ₃）三种不同方法以甘蔗渣（废料）为原料生产纳米碳颗粒。_{原子力显微镜证明C 2}和C ₃纳米颗粒的尺寸比C ₁更小。此外，拉曼光谱显示C ₁纳米颗粒中的缺陷比C ₂和C _{3中的缺陷少，但C 2}中的石墨烯结构更好。_{傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱研究揭示了使用比C 1}和C ₂具有更多官能团的硫酸（C ₃ ）制备的碳纳米颗粒的降解结构。使用紫外-可见光谱的比较研究表明，硫酸处理的碳纳米材料（C ₃）由于其尺寸小和官能团小，可以更有效地去除油漆工业废水中的污染物。_{当碳纳米粒子与TiO 2}纳米粒子组合使用时，研究表明C ₃与10wt% TiO ₂纳米粒子的组合最适合净化废水。_{提出了 TiO 2}纳米颗粒的合成机制及其与碳纳米颗粒 (C ₃ ) 一起去除废水污染物的作用。