Malignant melanoma is a fatal disease with an increasing global incidence. Despite numerous studies focused on anti-cancer drugs, a variety of side effects of cancer treatment remain challenging. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify novel anti-cancer agents with minimal cytotoxicity and side effects. DB3 (1,3,7,9-tetrahydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-4,6-di[ethanoyl]dibenzofuran) is a member of the dibenzofuran family and is extracted from Ramalina terebrata (Antarctic lichen). We investigated if DB3 exerted an antitumor effect on B16F10 melanoma cells. The results revealed that DB3 exerted time- and dose-dependent reduction of cell viability by inducing apoptosis and significantly suppressing cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in B16F10 melanoma cells. Additionally, DB3 impeded the migration and invasiveness of B16F10 cells. Subsequently, we observed that DB3 decreased the expression levels of Cdk4/Cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK, and AKT. Furthermore, DB3 decreased melanoma tumor growth in a mouse tumor syngraft model. Based on these findings, we propose that DB3 possesses potential for use as an anti-cancer agent for melanoma treatment.

中文翻译：

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来自南极地衣的 DB3 在体外和体内抑制 B16F10 黑色素瘤细胞的生长

恶性黑色素瘤是一种致命疾病，全球发病率不断增加。尽管有大量研究集中在抗癌药物上，但癌症治疗的各种副作用仍然具有挑战性。因此，迫切需要鉴定具有最小细胞毒性和副作用的新型抗癌剂。DB3（1,3,7,9-四羟基-2,8-二甲基-4,6-二[乙醇酰]二苯并呋喃）是二苯并呋喃家族的一员，从 Ramalina terebrata（南极地衣）中提取。我们研究了 DB3 是否对 B16F10 黑色素瘤细胞发挥抗肿瘤作用。结果表明，DB3 通过诱导细胞凋亡，并通过将 B16F10 黑色素瘤细胞中的细胞周期阻滞在 G0/G1 期来显着抑制细胞增殖，从而发挥时间和剂量依赖性的细胞活力降低作用。此外，DB3 阻碍 B16F10 细胞的迁移和侵袭。随后，我们观察到 DB3 降低了 Cdk4/Cyclin D1 的表达水平以及 p38、JNK、ERK 和 AKT 的磷酸化。此外，DB3 降低了小鼠肿瘤同种移植模型中黑色素瘤的生长。基于这些发现，我们认为 DB3 具有作为黑色素瘤治疗的抗癌药物的潜力。