In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, various hydrogels derived from the extracellular matrix have been utilized for creating engineered tissues and implantable scaffolds. While these hydrogels hold immense promise in the healthcare landscape, conventional bioinks based on ECM hydrogels face several challenges, particularly in terms of lacking the necessary mechanical properties required for 3D bioprinting process. To address these limitations, researchers are actively exploring novel nanomaterial-reinforced ECM hydrogels for both mechanical and functional aspects. In this review, we focused on discussing recent advancements in the fabrication of engineered tissues and monitoring systems using nanobioinks and nanomaterials via 3D bioprinting technology. We highlighted the synergistic benefits of combining numerous nanomaterials into ECM hydrogels and imposing geometrical effects by 3D bioprinting technology. Furthermore, we also elaborated on critical issues remaining at the moment, such as the inhomogeneous dispersion of nanomaterials and consequent technical and practical issues, in the fabrication of complex 3D structures with nanobioinks and nanomaterials. Finally, we elaborated on plausible outlooks for facilitating the use of nanomaterials in biofabrication and advancing the function of engineered tissues.

中文翻译：

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用于 3D 生物打印技术的纳米材料水凝胶

在组织工程和再生医学领域，源自细胞外基质的各种水凝胶已被用于创建工程组织和可植入支架。虽然这些水凝胶在医疗保健领域具有巨大的前景，但基于 ECM 水凝胶的传统生物墨水面临着一些挑战，特别是缺乏 3D 生物打印过程所需的必要机械性能。为了解决这些限制，研究人员正在积极探索机械和功能方面的新型纳米材料增强 ECM 水凝胶。在这篇综述中，我们重点讨论了通过 3D 生物打印技术使用纳米生物墨水和纳米材料制造工程组织和监测系统的最新进展。我们强调了将多种纳米材料结合到 ECM 水凝胶中并通过 3D 生物打印技术施加几何效应的协同效益。此外，我们还详细阐述了目前在使用纳米生物墨水和纳米材料制造复杂3D结构时仍存在的关键问题，例如纳米材料的不均匀分散以及随之而来的技术和实际问题。最后，我们详细阐述了促进纳米材料在生物制造中的使用和推进工程组织功能的合理前景。