Viruses are dangerous pathogenic biological agents as they are highly infectious, very small in size, and have no real cure. Thus, early detection is the crucial step in defense against such threats. The optical biosensor is one of the appropriate approaches to the detection of viruses. An optical biosensor is a compact analytical device that contains a biorecognition sensing element integrated with an optical transducer system. This review is aimed at reporting the basic concept of optical biosensors with the recent biomedical applications of its varied forms briefly. Also, this paper focuses on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on optical biosensors and their few forms. Further, we discuss the varied forms of AuNPs-based biosensors in detecting various viruses in recent decades. This study has presented some recent achievements of AuNPs-based optical biosensors in virus detection in the last decade. Also, we have discussed some challenges being faced by the optical sensors and also their future prospects.

中文翻译：

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金纳米颗粒 (AuNP) 光学检测病毒

病毒是危险的致病生物制剂，因为它们具有高度传染性、体积非常小并且无法真正治愈。因此，早期检测是防御此类威胁的关键步骤。光学生物传感器是检测病毒的合适方法之一。光学生物传感器是一种紧凑的分析设备，包含与光学传感器系统集成的生物识别传感元件。本综述旨在简要报告光学生物传感器的基本概念及其各种形式的最新生物医学应用。此外，本文还重点研究了基于光学生物传感器的金纳米颗粒（AuNP）及其几种形式。此外，我们还讨论了近几十年来用于检测各种病毒的各种形式的基于金纳米粒子的生物传感器。这项研究展示了过去十年基于金纳米粒子的光学生物传感器在病毒检测方面的一些最新成就。此外，我们还讨论了光学传感器面临的一些挑战及其未来前景。