In the 1899 6th edition of his influential textbook, Kraepelin proposed a diagnostic category of “Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis.” In this 1930 article, Bruno Schulz studied the morbid risk (MR) of several disorders and traits in the parents, siblings, offspring, and nieces/nephews of 51 probands with “Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis.” His results permitted an evaluation of the validity of Kraepelin's category of Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis, in particular, whether it was a form of psychosis resulting from “senile changes” or late-onset schizophrenia. The MR of schizophrenia in these four groups of relatives varied from 0 to 2.4% with 3 of 4 somewhat higher than population expectations but much lower than parallel results in relatives of schizophrenics. By contrast, the rates of eccentricity in these relatives were uniformly elevated over population rates, sometimes approaching those seen in relatives of schizophrenics. Schulz concluded, from his study, that Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis was a distinct disorder not closely related to schizophrenia. However, he suggested that a family history and/or a premorbid trait of eccentricity increases the risk of developing a paranoid psychosis in old age, particularly when associated with physical or mental decline. He was uncertain about whether the trait of eccentricity he found in this study was very similar or distinct from that observed in excess in relatives of schizophrenics. This study was the first, to the best of our knowledge, to use a family study design explicitly to address a nosologic question—in this case the familial relationship between Old-Age Paranoid Psychosis and schizophrenia.

中文翻译：

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布鲁诺·舒尔茨 (Bruno Schulz) 1930 年的文章“老年偏执性精神病的遗传关系”

克雷佩林在其颇具影响力的教科书 1899 年第六版中提出了“老年偏执性精神病”的诊断类别。在这篇 1930 年的文章中，布鲁诺·舒尔茨 (Bruno Schulz) 研究了 51 名患有“老年偏执性精神病”的先证者的父母、兄弟姐妹、后代和侄女/侄子的几种疾病和特征的病态风险 (MR)。他的结果可以评估克雷佩林老年偏执型精神病类别的有效性，特别是它是否是由“老年变化”或迟发性精神分裂症引起的精神病形式。这四组亲属中精神分裂症的 MR 变化范围为 0 到 2.4%，其中 4 组中有 3 组略高于人群预期，但远低于精神分裂症患者亲属的平行结果。相比之下，这些亲属的偏心率均高于人口率，有时接近精神分裂症患者亲属的偏心率。舒尔茨从他的研究中得出结论，老年偏执性精神病是一种与精神分裂症没有密切关系的独特疾病。然而，他认为，家族史和/或古怪的病前特征会增加老年时患偏执性精神病的风险，特别是当与身体或精神衰退相关时。他不确定他在这项研究中发现的偏心特征是否与精神分裂症患者亲属中观察到的偏心特征非常相似或不同。据我们所知，这项研究是第一个明确使用家庭研究设计来解决疾病分类学问题的研究——在本例中是老年偏执性精神病和精神分裂症之间的家庭关系。