Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and cancer mortality worldwide. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have a great impact on protein function. Almost all proteins can undergo PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and so on. Many studies have shown that PTMs are related to the occurrence and development of cancers. The findings provide novel therapeutic targets for cancers, such as glypican-3 and mucin-1. Other clinical implications are also found in the studies of PTMs. Diagnostic or prognostic value, and response to therapy have been identified. In HCC, it has been shown that glycosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has a higher detection rate for early liver cancer than conventional AFP. In this review, we mainly focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of PTM, in order to provide new insights into the clinical implication of PTM in HCC.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质翻译后修饰在肝细胞癌中的诊断和预后价值。

肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球范围内发病率和死亡率均较高的常见恶性肿瘤。蛋白质的翻译后修饰（PTM）对蛋白质功能有很大影响。几乎所有蛋白质都可以进行 PTM，包括磷酸化、乙酰化、甲基化、糖基化、泛素化等。许多研究表明PTMs与癌症的发生、发展有关。这些发现为癌症提供了新的治疗靶点，例如磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖（glypican-3）和粘蛋白-1（mucin-1）。PTM 的研究还发现了其他临床意义。诊断或预后价值以及对治疗的反应已经确定。在HCC中，研究表明糖基化甲胎蛋白（AFP）对早期肝癌的检出率比传统AFP更高。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注 PTM 的诊断和预后价值，以期为 PTM 在 HCC 中的临床意义提供新的见解。