Allostasis provides a supporting role to the homeostatic control of biological variables in mammalian species. While the concept of homeostasis is related to the control of variables within a set point or range that are essential to life, allostasis refers to systems that facilitate adaptation to challenges that the organism faces and the new requirements for survival. Essential for such adaptation is the role played by the brain in eliciting neural and neuroendocrine responses. Reproductive function is fundamental for the survival of species but is costly in energetic terms and requires a synchrony with an ever-changing environment. Thus, in many species reproductive function is blocked or delayed over immediate challenges. This review will cover the physiological systems and neuroendocrine pathways that supply allostatic control over reproductive neuroendocrine systems. Light, hypoxia, temperature, nutrition, psychosocial, and immune mediators influence the neuroendocrine control of reproductive functions through pathways that are confluent at the paraventricular nucleus; however, understanding of the integrative responses to these stimuli has not been clarified. Likely, the ultimate consequence of these allostatic mechanisms is the modification of kisspeptin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal activity, thus compromising reproduction function in the short term, while preserving species survivability.

中文翻译：

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控制生殖的神经内分泌系统的动态平衡。

动态平衡为哺乳动物生物变量的稳态控制提供了支持作用。虽然稳态的概念与对生命至关重要的设定点或范围内的变量的控制有关，但动态平衡是指促进适应有机体面临的挑战和生存的新要求的系统。这种适应的关键是大脑在引发神经和神经内分泌反应中所发挥的作用。生殖功能是物种生存的基础，但其能量消耗很高，并且需要与不断变化的环境保持同步。因此，在许多物种中，生殖功能因眼前的挑战而受到阻碍或延迟。本综述将涵盖对生殖神经内分泌系统提供变稳态控制的生理系统和神经内分泌途径。光、缺氧、温度、营养、社会心理和免疫介质通过在室旁核汇合的途径影响生殖功能的神经内分泌控制；然而，对这些刺激的综合反应的理解尚未阐明。这些异位抑制机制的最终结果很可能是改变 Kisspeptin 和促性腺激素释放激素的神经元活性，从而在短期内损害繁殖功能，同时保持物种的生存能力。