The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves all organs of the body, of which the interaction with cardiovascular diseases is the most important. Numerous studies have reported that COVID-19 patients complicated with cardiovascular comorbidities (hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic heart failure, cerebrovascular disease) are more likely to develop into critical illness and have higher mortality. Conversely, COVID-19 may also cause myocardial injury in patients through various pathological mechanisms such as direct virus attack on cardiomyocytes, overactivation of immune response, microthrombus formation, which may lead to fatal acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, acute worsening of chronic heart failure, etc. In addition, the symptoms of the so-called long-COVID may remain in some patients who survived the acute viral infection. Positional tachycardia has been widely reported, and cardiovascular autonomic disorders are thought to play a pathogenic role.

中文翻译：

---

COVID-19 与心血管疾病之间的病理相互作用和临床并发症：2023 年概述。

2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）涉及身体所有器官，其中与心血管疾病的相互作用最为重要。大量研究报道，患有心血管合并症（高血压、冠心病、慢性心力衰竭、脑血管疾病）的COVID-19患者更容易发展为危重症，死亡率也更高。相反，COVID-19也可能通过病毒直接攻击心肌细胞、免疫反应过度激活、微血栓形成等多种病理机制造成患者心肌损伤，从而可能导致致命的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死、心律失常、病情急性恶化等。此外，在一些急性病毒感染后幸存的患者中，所谓的长期新冠病毒的症状可能仍然存在。位置性心动过速已被广泛报道，心血管自主神经紊乱被认为起着致病作用。