Abstract: Osteosarcoma is an extremely malignant tumor, and its pathogenesis is complex and remains incompletely understood. Most cases of osteosarcoma are accompanied by symptoms of bone loss or result in pathological fractures due to weakened bones. Enhancing the survival rate of osteosarcoma patients has proven to be a long-standing challenge. Numerous studies mentioned in this paper, including in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-situ studies have consistently indicated a close association between the symptoms of bone loss associated with osteosarcoma and the presence of osteoclasts. As the sole cells capable of bone resorption, osteoclasts participate in a malignant cycle within the osteosarcoma microenvironment. These cells interact with osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells, secreting various factors that further influence these cells, disrupting bone homeostasis, and shifting the balance toward bone resorption, thereby promoting the onset and progression of osteosarcoma. Moreover, the interaction between osteoclasts and various other cells types, such as tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, DCs cells, T cells, and tumor-associated fibroblasts in the osteosarcoma microenvironment plays a crucial role in disease progression. Consequently, understanding the role of osteoclasts in osteosarcoma has sparked significant interest. This review primarily examines the physiological characteristics and functional mechanisms of osteoclasts in osteosarcoma, and briefly discusses potential therapies targeting osteoclasts for osteosarcoma treatment. These studies provide fresh ideas and directions for future research on the treatment of osteosarcoma.

Keywords: osteosarcoma, osteoclasts, bone remodeling, osteoimmunology, bone microenvironment


中文翻译：

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骨肉瘤中的破骨细胞：机制、相互作用和治疗前景

【摘要】：骨肉瘤是一种恶性程度极高的肿瘤,其发病机制复杂且目前尚不完全清楚。大多数骨肉瘤病例都伴有骨质流失的症状，或者由于骨骼脆弱而导致病理性骨折。提高骨肉瘤患者的生存率已被证明是一个长期存在的挑战。本文提到的许多研究，包括体外、体内和原位研究，一致表明与骨肉瘤相关的骨质流失症状与破骨细胞的存在之间存在密切联系。作为唯一能够骨吸收的细胞，破骨细胞参与骨肉瘤微环境中的恶性循环。这些细胞与成骨细胞和骨肉瘤细胞相互作用，分泌各种因子进一步影响这些细胞，破坏骨稳态，使平衡向骨吸收方向转变，从而促进骨肉瘤的发生和进展。此外，骨肉瘤微环境中破骨细胞与各种其他细胞类型（例如肿瘤相关巨噬细胞、骨髓源性抑制细胞、DC细胞、T细胞和肿瘤相关成纤维细胞）之间的相互作用在疾病进展中发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，了解破骨细胞在骨肉瘤中的作用引起了人们的极大兴趣。本文主要探讨破骨细胞在骨肉瘤中的生理特征和功能机制，并简要讨论针对破骨细胞治疗骨肉瘤的潜在疗法。这些研究为未来骨肉瘤治疗的研究提供了新的思路和方向。

Keywords:骨肉瘤, 破骨细胞, 骨重塑, 骨免疫学, 骨微环境