Summary Biological membranes, including plasma membrane (PM) and organelle membranes, restrict the flux of ions, molecules, and organelles. However, the barrier function of biological membranes is frequently compromised by various perturbations, including physical membrane damage and protein- or chemical-induced pore formation. Recent evidence suggests that, upon PM damage, protein gelation and solid condensation are utilized to restrict ion/molecule/organelle flux across the damaged membranes by zoning the cytoplasm. In addition, membrane permeabilization dramatically alters intramembrane and extramembrane ion/molecule concentrations via the flux across the permeabilized membrane. The changes in ion/molecule concentration and their downstream pathways induce protein phase transition to form zones for biological processes or protein sequestration. Here, we review the mechanisms and functions of protein phase transition after biological membrane permeabilization.

中文翻译：

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膜透化后蛋白质相变的细胞质分区

摘要 生物膜，包括质膜 (PM) 和细胞器膜，限制离子、分子和细胞器的通量。然而，生物膜的屏障功能经常受到各种扰动的损害，包括物理膜损伤和蛋白质或化学诱导的孔形成。最近的证据表明，在 PM 损伤时，蛋白质凝胶化和固体凝结可通过细胞质分区来限制离子/分子/细胞器穿过受损膜的通量。此外，膜透化通过穿过透化膜的通量显着改变膜内和膜外离子/分子浓度。离子/分子浓度及其下游途径的变化诱导蛋白质相变，形成生物过程或蛋白质隔离的区域。在这里，我们回顾一下生物膜透化后蛋白质相变的机制和功能。