Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the behaviour determinants towards cash waqf for productive purposes between two different classes of Muslims: the upper-middle class and the lower-middle class.

Design/methodology/approach

Under the Theory of Planned Behavior framework, this study modified previous literature to investigate the determinants of two Muslim classes’ behaviour towards cash waqf for productive purposes. A structural equation model was applied to test the hypothesis, and an in-depth interview was conducted to explain the findings further.

Findings

The behaviour of participating in cash waqf for productive purposes differs between the two Muslim segments. Upper-middle-class Muslims’ intentions will not necessarily consider subjective norms, even though they will consider religiosity as their deciding factor. Meanwhile, this study found different results on the influence of attitude, religiosity and subjective norms to intention in the lower-middle-income group. Other attributes such as perceived behaviour control, knowledge, trust and perceived benefits show positive and significant effects on the intention for both income classes of Muslims.

Research limitations/implications

The current findings may not accurately reflect ideal conditions due to the low level of waqf literacy and actual participation of Muslims in cash waqf for productive purposes. Researchers can conduct further studies based on other criteria, such as gender, age, education level or area of residence, using experimental or simulation methods to complement the research.

Practical implications

This study’s findings can support policymakers and related waqf stakeholders to set strategies for cash waqf literacy and participation by providing more detailed information about the differences in Muslims characteristics based on the income classes.

Originality/value

This study specifically modifies the behavioural framework to investigate differences in the behaviour of two classes of Muslims towards their participation in cash waqf for productive purposes in Indonesia.

中文翻译：

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两个穆斯林阶层为了生产目的而接受现金宗教基金的行为决定因素：来自印度尼西亚的解释

目的

本文旨在调查两个不同阶层的穆斯林（中上阶层和中下阶层）之间出于生产目的而进行现金宗教基金的行为决定因素。

设计/方法论/途径

在计划行为理论框架下，本研究修改了先前的文献，以调查两个穆斯林阶层出于生产目的而对现金宗教基金的行为的决定因素。应用结构方程模型来检验假设，并进行深入访谈以进一步解释研究结果。

发现

两个穆斯林群体出于生产目的参与现金宗教基金的行为有所不同。中上层穆斯林的意图不一定会考虑主观规范，尽管他们会考虑宗教信仰作为他们的决定因素。同时，本研究在中低收入群体的态度、宗教信仰和主观规范对意向的影响方面也发现了不同的结果。其他属性，例如感知行为控制、知识、信任和感知利益，对穆斯林两个收入阶层的意图都显示出积极而显着的影响。

研究局限性/影响

目前的调查结果可能无法准确反映理想情况，因为穆斯林宗教与社团组织的识字水平较低，而且穆斯林出于生产目的实际参与现金宗教与社团组织的情况也较低。研究人员可以根据其他标准，如性别、年龄、教育水平或居住地区，使用实验或模拟方法来补充研究，进行进一步的研究。

实际影响

这项研究的结果可以通过提供有关基于收入阶层的穆斯林特征差异的更详细信息，支持政策制定者和相关宗教基金利益相关者制定现金宗教基金扫盲和参与策略。

原创性/价值

本研究专门修改了行为框架，以调查印度尼西亚两类穆斯林出于生产目的参与现金宗教基金的行为差异。