Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, and its incidence rate and mortality are on the rise in many countries. In recent years, with the improvement of economic conditions, people's living habits have changed, including lack of physical activity, poor diet patterns and circadian rhythm disorder. These risk factors can change the colon environment and the composition of intestinal microbiota. This state is called intestinal imbalance, which increases the risk of cancer. Probiotics, a class of microorganisms that help maintain gut microbial homeostasis and alleviate dysbiosis, may help prevent inflammation and colorectal cancer. These probiotics inhibit or ameliorate the effects of dysbiosis through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), modulation of immunity, maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, pro-apoptotic mechanisms, and other mechanisms. This review aims to explain the interaction between probiotics, the gut microenvironment and the gut microbiota, and summarize reports on the possibility of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

中文翻译：

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益生菌预防和治疗结直肠癌的潜在能力。

结直肠癌（CRC）是世界上第三大常见癌症，其发病率和死亡率在许多国家呈上升趋势。近年来，随着经济条件的改善，人们的生活习惯发生了变化，包括体力活动不足、饮食习惯不良、昼夜节律紊乱等。这些危险因素可以改变结肠环境和肠道微生物群的组成。这种状态称为肠道失衡，会增加患癌症的风险。益生菌是一类有助于维持肠道微生物稳态和缓解生态失调的微生物，可能有助于预防炎症和结直肠癌。这些益生菌通过产生短链脂肪酸 (SCFA)、调节免疫、维持肠上皮屏障、促凋亡机制和其他机制来抑制或改善生态失调的影响。本综述旨在解释益生菌、肠道微环境和肠道菌群之间的相互作用，并总结益生菌预防和治疗结直肠癌可能性的报道。