In this work total column ozone (TCO) analysis and variability over globe has been studied during the period 1959–2022 using monthly mean data from ERA5 reanalysis database. The lower values of TCO occurs in equatorial latitudes, while the higher values of TCO appears over the mid-latitude and subpolar latitudes in both hemispheres (slightly farther poleward in the NH). The higher values of the coefficient of variation (CV) of TCO in NH and SH occur over the mid-latitude and subpolar latitudes, it increases gradually latitudinally poleward of 40°N. The lower values of CV appears over tropical and subtropical regions (between 40°S and 40°N). The trend study for the seasonal and annual spatial distribution of TCO divided the globe into three belts the trend values in the first belt (40°N- 90°N) are negative the trend values of TCO in the second belt (40°S- 40°N) are positive (increasing TCO). The third belt (40°S to 90°S) is characterized by the existence of negative trend values of TCO. The study of the Manne Whitney test for abrupt change of the time series of TCO for the three-time series of NHB confirms that there is abrupt change in TCO around the year 1971, 1979, 1992 (increasing) and 2013 (decreasing).

在这项工作中，使用 ERA5再分析数据库的月平均数据对 1959 年至 2022 年期间全球总柱臭氧 (TCO) 分析和变化进行了研究。TCO 较低的值出现在赤道纬度，而 TCO 较高的值出现在两个半球的中纬度和副极地纬度（北半球稍远的极地）。北半球和南半球TCO的变异系数(CV)较高值出现在中纬度和副极纬度地区，并在纬度上向极地40°N逐渐增大。较低的 CV 值出现在热带和亚热带地区（南纬 40° 至北纬 40° 之间）。TCO季节和年度空间分布趋势研究将全球分为三个带，第一带（40°N-90°N）的TCO趋势值为负值，第二带（40°S- 40°N）为正（增加 TCO）。第三带（40°S 至 90°S）的特点是存在 TCO 负趋势值。对 NHB 三个时间序列的 TCO 时间序列突变的 Manne Whitney 检验的研究证实，TCO 在 1971 年、1979 年、1992 年（增加）和 2013 年（减少）前后存在突变。