Bop1 can promote cell proliferation and is a component of the Pes1-Bop1-WDR12 (PeBoW) complex that regulates ribosomal RNA processing and biogenesis. In embryos, however, bop1 mRNA is highly enriched in the neural plate, cranial neural crest and placodes, and potentially may interact with Six1, which also is expressed in these tissues. Recent work demonstrated that during development, Bop1 is required for establishing the size of the tadpole brain, retina and cranial cartilages, as well as controlling neural tissue gene expression levels. Herein, we extend this work by assessing the effects of Bop1 knockdown at neural plate and larval stages. Loss of Bop1 expanded neural plate gene expression domains (sox2, sox11, irx1) and reduced neural crest (foxd3, sox9), placode (six1, sox11, irx1, sox9) and epidermal (dlx5) expression domains. At larval stages, Bop1 knockdown reduced the expression of several otic vesicle genes (six1, pax2, irx1, sox9, dlx5, otx2, tbx1) and branchial arch genes that are required for chondrogenesis (sox9, tbx1, dlx5). The latter was not the result of impaired neural crest migration. Together these observations indicate that Bop1 is a multifunctional protein that in addition to its well-known role in ribosomal biogenesis functions during early development to establish the craniofacial precursor domains.

中文翻译：

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Bop1 是建立颅面组织前体结构域所必需的

Bop1 可以促进细胞增殖，是调节核糖体 RNA 加工和生物发生的 Pes1-Bop1-WDR12 (PeBoW) 复合物的组成部分。然而，在胚胎中，bop1 mRNA 在神经板、颅神经嵴和基板中高度富集，并且可能与也在这些组织中表达的 Six1 相互作用。最近的研究表明，在发育过程中，Bop1 是确定蝌蚪大脑、视网膜和颅软骨大小以及控制神经组织基因表达水平所必需的。在此，我们通过评估 Bop1 敲低对神经板和幼虫阶段的影响来扩展这项工作。Bop1 的丢失扩大了神经板基因表达域（sox2，sox11，irx1）并减少了神经嵴（Foxd3，sox9），基板（Six1，sox11，irx1，sox9）和表皮（dlx5）表达域。在幼虫阶段，Bop1 敲除降低了几种耳囊基因（Six1、pax2、irx1、sox9、dlx5、otx2、tbx1）和软骨形成所需的鳃弓基因（sox9、tbx1、dlx5）的表达。后者不是神经嵴迁移受损的结果。这些观察结果共同表明，Bop1 是一种多功能蛋白，除了其在核糖体生物发生中众所周知的作用之外，还在早期发育过程中发挥作用，以建立颅面前体结构域。