Ergocalciferol, despite its high beneficial potential in foods and pharmaceuticals, faces challenges in utilization due to its hydrophobic and sensitive properties. In this study, we developed ergocalciferol-loaded zein nanoparticles coated with modified lecithin (ML) or rhamnolipids (RL) using the anti-solvent precipitation method. Both ML- and RL-stabilized zein nanoparticles exhibited narrow particle size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency of ergocalciferol, achieving 94.54 ± 2.28% and 94.24 ± 2.35%, respectively. The ML-stabilized nanoparticles demonstrated good stability under thermal treatments (30–90 °C) and pH variations (pH 3–8). In comparison, the nanoparticles stabilized by rhamnolipid (RL) remained stable under thermal conditions but became unstable when the pH dropped below 6. Additionally, both ML- and RL-stabilized nanoparticles demonstrated an increase in particle size after the addition of salt. Furthermore, all samples displayed high bioaccessibility of ergocalciferol after in vitro digestion and excellent physicochemical stability during 30 days of storage. Therefore, the ML- and RL-stabilized zein nanoparticles present promising prospects for effectively transporting functional ingredients such as ergocalciferol.

尽管麦角钙化醇在食品和药品中具有很高的有益潜力，但由于其疏水性和敏感性，在利用方面面临着挑战。在这项研究中，我们使用反溶剂沉淀法开发了负载麦角钙化醇的玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒，该纳米颗粒涂有改性卵磷脂（ML）或鼠李糖脂（RL）。ML-和RL-稳定的玉米醇溶蛋白纳米粒子均表现出窄的粒径分布和高麦角钙化醇的包封率，分别达到94.54±2.28%和94.24±2.35%。ML 稳定的纳米粒子在热处理 (30–90 °C) 和 pH 变化 (pH 3–8) 下表现出良好的稳定性。相比之下，鼠李糖脂 (RL) 稳定的纳米颗粒在热条件下保持稳定，但当 pH 值降至 6 以下时变得不稳定。此外，ML 和 RL 稳定的纳米颗粒在添加盐后粒径均有所增加。此外，所有样品在体外消化后均表现出麦角骨化醇的高生物可及性，并在 30 天的储存过程中表现出优异的理化稳定性。因此，ML-和RL-稳定的玉米醇溶蛋白纳米颗粒在有效运输麦角钙化醇等功能成分方面具有广阔的前景。