Planococcus ficus (Signoret) is a worldwide pest of grapevine. Mealybugs overwinter under bark and move into the grape canopy as the season progresses. Because crawlers are more active than later stages, mealybug movement behavior is likely to be stage specific. To quantify P. ficus demography and movement behavior, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted. First, P. ficus populations were monitored on grapevine seedlings to describe survival, change in size, timing of male pupation, and timing of oviposition over a 6-wk period. Subsequently, cohorts of mealybugs were generated by infesting grapevines with crawlers and holding infested grapevines for a specified duration of 0 (crawlers), 1, 2, 3, or 4 wk. Crawlers (0-wk) were more likely to move upwards and towards a light source, than all other age cohorts tested. Further, mealybugs from 4-wk-old cohorts were more likely to move downward than all other age cohorts tested. Results suggest that crawlers are more likely to move to the top of grapevines by moving upwards and orienting towards either the sun or the moon than all other age cohorts tested, whereas older gravid females are more likely to move downward. Passive movement of mealybugs on farm machinery or animals requires surviving a host free period. To quantify risk of passive movement, establishment rates and effects of starvation on each age cohort were quantified. Larger and older mealybugs were more likely to establish on grapevines than smaller and younger mealybugs. Further, mealybug longevity in absence of food was greater for older cohorts compared to younger cohorts. Crawlers survived an average of 2 days without food, whereas females from 4-wk-old cohorts survived for an average of 11 days without food. Further, 70% of starved females from 4-wk-old cohorts deposited fertile eggs. In the absence of food, some mealybugs from cohorts aged 2-, 3-, and 4-wk formed pupa with viable males emerging. Adult males from starved nymphs lived for an average of 3 days post-emergence. Results provide methods for producing cohorts of mealybugs of predictable size and stage and provides insight into P. ficus demography and movement behavior.

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榕树平球菌（半翅目：假球菌科）运动和人口统计学：生成实验室研究队列的方法

榕树平球菌 (Signoret) 是一种世界性的葡萄树害虫。粉虱在树皮下越冬，并随着季节的推移进入葡萄树冠。由于爬行者比后期更加活跃，因此粉虱的运动行为可能是特定于阶段的。为了量化榕树种群统计和运动行为，进行了一系列实验室实验。首先，对葡萄树幼苗上的榕树种群进行监测，以描述 6 周内的存活率、大小变化、雄性化蛹时间和产卵时间。随后，通过用爬虫侵染葡萄藤并将受感染的葡萄藤保留指定的时间（0（爬虫）、1、2、3 或 4 周）来生成粉虱群体。与所有其他测试年龄组相比，爬行者（0周）更有可能向上移动并朝向光源。此外，与所有其他测试年龄组相比，4 周龄组的粉虱更有可能向下移动。结果表明，与所有其他测试年龄组相比，爬行者更有可能通过向上移动并朝向太阳或月亮移动到葡萄藤顶部，而年长的怀孕雌性更有可能向下移动。粉虱在农业机械或动物上的被动运动需要度过一段无寄主期。为了量化被动运动的风险，量化了每个年龄组的定居率和饥饿的影响。较大和较老的粉虱比较小和较年轻的粉虱更有可能在葡萄藤上定居。此外，与年轻群体相比，老年群体在缺乏食物的情况下粉虱的寿命更长。爬行类在没有食物的情况下平均存活 2 天，而 4 周龄的雌性群体在没有食物的情况下平均存活 11 天。此外，4 周龄组中 70% 的饥饿雌性产下了受精卵。在缺乏食物的情况下，2周、3周和4周龄群体中的一些粉虱形成了蛹，并出现了可存活的雄性。饥饿若虫的成年雄性在羽化后平均存活 3 天。结果提供了产生可预测大小和阶段的粉虱群体的方法，并提供了对榕树种群统计和运动行为的深入了解。