Various factors (e.g., infections) have been postulated to trigger Kawasaki disease (KD) in genetically predisposed individuals. Whether neoplasms can trigger KD is largely unknown due to paucity of data. Herein, we provide a detailed account of KD occurring in temporal proximity (within 6 months) to neoplasms ('neoplasm-KD'). Patients with 'neoplasm-KD' diagnosed/treated at our center from January 1994 to May 2021 were included. Additionally, we performed a systematic literature review (as per PRISMA 2020 guidelines) utilizing PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases to retrieve details of all patients with 'neoplasm-KD' reported till June 2021. Patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children were excluded. As all reports pertained to case description(s), risk of bias assessment was not performed. The details of patients with 'neoplasm-KD' were analyzed using SPSS software. Primary and secondary outcomes were occurrence of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) and clinical characteristics of 'neoplasm-KD', respectively. A total of 25 patients (data from 18 reports) were included in the 'neoplasm-KD' dataset. The most frequently diagnosed neoplasm was acute lymphoblastic leukemia followed by neuroblastoma and acute myeloblastic leukemia. Overall, CAAs were noted in 48% of patients. Interval between diagnoses of KD and neoplasm was shorter in patients with CAAs as compared to patients with normal coronary arteries (p-value = 0.03). Besides providing a comprehensive description of 'neoplasm-KD', this study raises a possibility that neoplasms might trigger KD. Also, 'neoplasm-KD' may be associated with a higher risk of development of CAAs. However, the small size of 'neoplasm-KD' dataset precludes definitive conclusions regarding this association. Funding: nil. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021270458).

中文翻译：

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川崎病和肿瘤在时间上邻近的发生——单中心经验和系统文献综述。

多种因素（例如感染）被认为可在遗传易感个体中引发川崎病（KD）。由于缺乏数据，肿瘤是否会引发川崎病目前尚不清楚。在此，我们详细描述了在时间上接近肿瘤（6 个月内）发生的 KD（“肿瘤-KD”）。包括 1994 年 1 月至 2021 年 5 月在我们中心诊断/治疗的“肿瘤-KD”患者。此外，我们利用 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 数据库进行了系统性文献综述（根据 PRISMA 2020 指南），检索截至 2021 年 6 月报告的所有“肿瘤-KD”患者的详细信息。儿童多系统炎症综合征患者被排除在外。由于所有报告均涉及病例描述，因此未进行偏倚风险评估。使用 SPSS 软件分析“neoplasm-KD”患者的详细信息。主要和次要结局分别是冠状动脉异常（CAA）的发生和“肿瘤-KD”的临床特征。“neoplasm-KD”数据集中总共包含 25 名患者（数据来自 18 份报告）。最常诊断的肿瘤是急性淋巴细胞白血病，其次是神经母细胞瘤和急性髓细胞白血病。总体而言，48% 的患者存在 CAA。与冠状动脉正常的患者相比，CAA 患者的 KD 和肿瘤诊断之间的间隔更短（p 值 = 0.03）。除了提供“肿瘤-KD”的全面描述外，这项研究还提出了肿瘤可能引发 KD 的可能性。此外，“肿瘤-KD”可能与 CAA 发生的较高风险相关。然而，“neoplasm-KD”数据集规模较小，无法得出关于这种关联的明确结论。资金：无。注册：PROSPERO (CRD42021270458)。