OBJECTIVE Since evidence of adults' cognition decline is based on standardized testing, we developed regression-based continuous norms by linear regression (LR) and nonlinear quantile regression (NQR) with years of schooling (YoS), age, and sex as covariates on the Mexican adaptation of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-MX) and complementary tasks. METHODS 392 healthy, Spanish-speaking Mexican adults (50.25% women) aged 18-59 completed the 15 CERAD-MX cognitive tasks and complementary tasks. We used raw scores and examined YoS-related effects considering sex and age as covariates. For the NQR, we used calibrated scores for sex and age. While LR represents one line across the performance, NQR differentiated several nonlinear performance bands by quantiles. RESULTS LR showed positive relationships between YoS and cognitive performance with a funnel variance pattern. Therefore, this relationship is better represented with NQR than LR. A small, but significant, negative effect of age was found for this age range (18-59 years). The band with fewer years of schooling (1-6) showed greater variability in the cognitive measures than those with more years of schooling (16-22). CONCLUSION This study shows that NQR is useful for accurately positioning participants' performance relative to their peers. NQR accounts more than LR for the inconsistent variability of cognitive performance as a function of YoS by identifying the variability according to YoS (low, medium, high). Thus, NQR represents an appropriate way to construct norms for the cognitive performance of adults.

中文翻译：

---

墨西哥样本中受教育年限、性别和年龄对 CERAD-MX 和补充任务的线性和非线性影响：横断面研究。

目的 由于成年人认知能力下降的证据基于标准化测试，因此我们通过线性回归 (LR) 和非线性分位数回归 (NQR) 开发了基于回归的连续范数，其中受教育年限 (YoS)、年龄和性别作为协变量墨西哥对建立阿尔茨海默病登记库联盟 (CERAD-MX) 的调整和补充任务。方法 392 名 18-59 岁的健康、讲西班牙语的墨西哥成年人（50.25% 为女性）完成了 15 项 CERAD-MX 认知任务和补充任务。我们使用原始分数并考虑性别和年龄作为协变量来检查与 YoS 相关的影响。对于 NQR，我们使用了性别和年龄的校准分数。LR 代表性能上的一条线，而 NQR 通过分位数区分多个非线性性能带。结果 LR 显示 YoS 和认知表现之间存在正相关关系，并具有漏斗方差模式。因此，这种关系用 NQR 比 LR 能更好地表示。研究发现，年龄对该年龄范围（18-59 岁）有较小但显着的负面影响。受教育年限较少的群体 (1-6) 与受教育年限较长的群体 (16-22) 相比，认知测量的变异性更大。结论 这项研究表明，NQR 对于准确定位参与者相对于同龄人的表现非常有用。通过根据 YoS（低、中、高）识别变异性，NQR 比 LR 更能解释作为 YoS 函数的认知表现不一致变异性。因此，NQR 代表了构建成人认知表现规范的适当方法。