OBJECTIVE Post-9/11 Veterans endorse greater self-reported functional disability than 80% of the adult population. Previous studies of trauma-exposed populations have shown that increased post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms are consistently associated with greater disability. Additionally, poorer cognitive performance in the domain of executive functions, particularly inhibitory control, has been associated with disability, though it is unclear if this effect is independent of and/or interacts with PTSD and depression. METHOD Three overlapping samples of n = 582, 297, and 183 combat-deployed post-9/11 Veterans completed comprehensive assessments of executive functions, PTSD and depressive symptoms, and self-reported World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-II (WHODAS II). RESULTS Poorer performance on measures of inhibitory control (Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System Color-Word Interference-CWI Test and gradual-onset Continuous Performance Test-gradCPT), but not other executive functions, were significantly associated with greater disability on the WHODAS II (ρ's = -.13 and -.13, p = .002 and .026, respectively). CWI inhibitory control measures accounted for unique variance in disability after controlling for PTSD and depressive symptoms (R2 change = 0.02, p < .001). Further, CWI significantly moderated the effect of depressive symptoms on disability, such that better inhibitory control weakened the relationship between depression and disability. CONCLUSIONS Inhibitory control deficits are uniquely associated with increased disability in combat-deployed post-9/11 Veterans, and better inhibitory control abilities may serve as a protective factor for depressive symptoms leading to increased disability. KEY POINTS

中文翻译：

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较差的抑制控制会导致 9/11 事件后退伍军人更大的功能障碍。

目标 9/11 后的退伍军人比 80% 的成年人更认可自我报告的功能障碍。先前对遭受创伤人群的研究表明，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和抑郁症状的增加始终与更大的残疾相关。此外，执行功能领域的认知表现较差，尤其是抑制控制，与残疾有关，尽管尚不清楚这种影响是否独立于创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症和/或与创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症相互作用。方法 三个重叠样本，分别为 582、297 和 183 名 9/11 后部署在战斗中的退伍军人，完成了执行功能、创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状的综合评估，以及自我报告的世界卫生组织残疾评估表 II (WHODAS II) 。结果 抑制控制措施（Delis-Kaplan 执行功能系统色词干扰 -CWI 测试和渐进持续性能测试 -gradCPT）表现较差，但与其他执行功能无关，与 WHODAS II 的更大残疾显着相关。 ρ's = -.13 和 -.13，p = .002 和 .026，分别）。在控制 PTSD 和抑郁症状后，CWI 抑制控制措施解释了残疾的独特差异（R2 变化 = 0.02，p < .001）。此外，CWI 显着减轻了抑郁症状对残疾的影响，从而更好的抑制控制削弱了抑郁与残疾之间的关系。结论 抑制控制缺陷与 9/11 后部署在战斗中的退伍军人的残疾增加有着独特的相关性，更好的抑制控制能力可能是导致残疾增加的抑郁症状的保护因素。关键点