Microbial biofilm contamination is a widespread problem that requires precise and prompt detection techniques to effectively control its growth. Microfabricated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensors offer promise as a tool for early biofilm detection and monitoring of elimination. This study utilized a custom flow cell system with integrated sensors to make real-time impedance measurements of biofilm growth under flow conditions, which were correlated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging. Biofilm growth on EIS biosensors in basic aqueous growth media (tryptic soy broth, TSB) and an oil-water emulsion (metalworking fluid, MWF) attenuated in a sigmoidal decay pattern, which lead to an ∼22-25% decrease in impedance after 24 Hrs. Subsequent treatment of established biofilms increased the impedance by ∼14% and ∼41% in TSB and MWF, respectively. In the presence of furanone C-30, a quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI), impedance remained unchanged from the initial time point for 18 Hrs in TSB and 72 Hrs in MWF. Biofilm changes enumerated from CLSM imaging corroborated impedance measurements, with treatment significantly reducing biofilm. Overall, these results support the application of microfabricated EIS biosensors for evaluating the growth and dispersal of biofilm in situ and demonstrate potential for use in industrial settings. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY This study demonstrates the use of microfabricated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensors for real-time monitoring and treatment evaluation of biofilm growth, offering valuable insights for biofilm control in industrial settings.

中文翻译：

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使用阻抗生物传感器实时监测生物膜的生长和扩散。

微生物生物膜污染是一个普遍存在的问题，需要精确、及时的检测技术来有效控制其生长。微型电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 生物传感器有望成为早期生物膜检测和消除监测的工具。本研究利用带有集成传感器的定制流动池系统，对流动条件下的生物膜生长进行实时阻抗测量，并与共焦激光扫描显微镜 (CLSM) 成像相关。EIS 生物传感器上的生物膜在碱性水性生长介质（胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤，TSB）和油水乳液（金属加工液，MWF）中的生长以 S 形衰减模式衰减，导致 24 年后阻抗下降约 22-25%小时。随后对已形成的生物膜进行处理，使 TSB 和 MWF 的阻抗分别增加约 14% 和约 41%。在存在群体感应抑制剂 (QSI) 呋喃酮 C-30 的情况下，阻抗在 TSB 中 18 小时和 MWF 中 72 小时内与初始时间点保持不变。CLSM 成像列举的生物膜变化证实了阻抗测量，治疗显着减少了生物膜。总体而言，这些结果支持微型 EIS 生物传感器在原位评估生物膜的生长和分散方面的应用，并展示了在工业环境中使用的潜力。一句话总结 这项研究展示了使用微型电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 生物传感器对生物膜生长进行实时监测和处理评估，为工业环境中的生物膜控制提供了宝贵的见解。