Objective

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly impacted medical services worldwide. During the Omicron variant-predominant era, febrile seizure (FS) in patients with COVID-19 increased compared to that in the pre-Omicron variant era. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate the clinical characteristics of FS in patients with COVID-19.

Methods

We surveyed patients aged < 16 years who presented with FS to the emergency room of Tottori University Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: FS patients with COVID-19 (FS with COVID-19 group) and FS patients without COVID-19 (FS without COVID-19 group) as per the results of the respiratory multiplex array test. Patients with positive results for both SARS-CoV-2 and other microorganisms were excluded. We obtained data on the patients’ clinical backgrounds, symptoms, seizure duration, type of FS (simple or complex), diagnostic examinations, laboratory test results, and treatment. We compared the data between the FS with and without COVID-19 groups.

Result

A total of 128 patients with FS met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 18 patients and 110 patients were included in the FS with COVID-19 group and without COVID-19 group, respectively. The late FS onset (>60 months) were significantly more common in the FS with COVID-19 group than that in the FS without COVID-19 group. Moreover, patients in the FS with COVID-19 group had significantly longer seizure durations than those in the FS without COVID-19 group. A diazepam (DZP) suppository was administered to 72% of FS patients with COVID-19 after the first seizure during a febrile episode.

Conclusion

FS patients with COVID-19 had different distributions of age at onset and seizure duration than those without COVID-19. The use of DZP suppositories was more frequent in FS patients with COVID-19 compared to those without COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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Omicron 变异主导时代 COVID-19 儿童的热性惊厥：一项单中心研究

 客观的

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 对全球的医疗服务产生了重大影响。在 Omicron 变异占主导地位的时代，与 Omicron 变异之前的时代相比，COVID-19 患者的热性惊厥 (FS) 有所增加。因此，本研究旨在论证 COVID-19 患者 FS 的临床特征。

 方法

我们对在鸟取大学医院急诊室就诊的 FS 患者进行了调查，年龄 < 16 岁。根据呼吸多重阵列检测结果，将患者分为两组：患有 COVID-19 的 FS 患者（FS with COVID-19 组）和不患有 COVID-19 的 FS 患者（FS without COVID-19 组）。 SARS-CoV-2 和其他微生物检测结果呈阳性的患者被排除在外。我们获得了患者的临床背景、症状、癫痫发作持续时间、FS 类型（简单或复杂）、诊断检查、实验室检查结果和治疗的数据。我们比较了有和没有 COVID-19 的 FS 组之间的数据。

 结果

共有 128 名 FS 患者符合纳入标准。其中，18 名患者和 110 名患者分别被纳入 FS 感染 COVID-19 组和未感染 COVID-19 组。在患有 COVID-19 的 FS 组中，晚 FS 发病（> 60 个月）比在没有 COVID-19 的 FS 组中更为常见。此外，患有 COVID-19 的 FS 组患者的癫痫发作持续时间明显长于未患有 COVID-19 的 FS 组患者。 72% 的 COVID-19 FS 患者在发热发作期间首次癫痫发作后服用地西泮 (DZP) 栓剂。

 结论

患有 COVID-19 的 FS 患者的发病年龄和癫痫发作持续时间的分布与未患 COVID-19 的患者不同。与未患 COVID-19 的 FS 患者相比，患有 COVID-19 的 FS 患者更频繁地使用 DZP 栓剂。