In this article, we identify what herders in Fennoscandia and northwestern Russia see as critical conditions and events in the annual reindeer herding cycle. Indigenous Sámi and Yamal reindeer herders identify eight seasons, each of which has crucial importance in its own way. Differences in perception between Fennoscandian and northwestern Russian reindeer herders about good and bad seasonal conditions are based on the degree of climatic and geographic variation, herd control and the variety of simultaneous pressures on pastures. The scope and speed of ongoing climate change in the Arctic will profoundly modify these conditions, and consequently shape critical events and outcomes in reindeer herding. The resulting challenges need to be assessed in the context of social and economic dynamics. Reindeer herders throughout Fennoscandia and Russia are concerned about future prospects of their livelihood. To adapt to climate change and develop new strategies, reindeer herders must have access to pastures; they must retain their mobility and flexibility; and their participation in land-use decisions must be endorsed.

在本文中，我们确定了芬诺斯坎迪亚和俄罗斯西北部的牧民认为年度驯鹿放牧周期中的关键条件和事件。土著萨米人和亚马尔驯鹿牧民确定了八个季节，每个季节都有其独特的重要性。芬诺斯堪的纳维亚地区和俄罗斯西北部的驯鹿牧民对季节条件好坏的看法存在差异，这取决于气候和地理变化的程度、畜群控制以及牧场同时承受的压力的变化。北极地区持续气候变化的范围和速度将深刻改变这些条件，从而影响驯鹿放牧的关键事件和结果。由此产生的挑战需要在社会和经济动态的背景下进行评估。整个芬诺斯坎迪亚和俄罗斯的驯鹿牧民都对他们未来的生计前景感到担忧。为了适应气候变化并制定新战略，驯鹿牧民必须能够获得牧场；他们必须保持机动性和灵活性；他们参与土地使用决策必须得到认可。