Computational thinking is widely recognized as an essential skill for adapting to the current era, with programming learning being the most effective means to develop it. It is recommended that computational thinking and learning programming be introduced as early as elementary school. However, elementary school students often possess limited prior knowledge of programming, posing challenges in their learning process. The graphic organizers (GOs) may serve as a bridge between students’ existing knowledge and new learning, facilitating a deeper processing of the overall information and thereby enhancing the learning process. This can be particularly advantageous for early-stage learners when grappling with difficult subjects. Consequently, this study employed GOs to assist elementary school students in their computational thinking and programming learning, employing a quasi-experiment design to evaluate their effectiveness. The results showed that although all students demonstrated awareness of applying computational thinking to solve problems, those exposed to GO-based instruction exhibited higher levels of computational thinking, programming skills, and flow experiences.

计算思维被广泛认为是适应当今时代的必备技能，而编程学习是培养计算思维最有效的手段。建议早在小学就开始引入计算思维和学习编程。然而，小学生的编程知识往往有限，给他们的学习过程带来了挑战。图形组织者（GO）可以充当学生现有知识和新学习之间的桥梁，促进对整体信息的更深入处理，从而增强学习过程。这对于早期学习者在解决困难科目时特别有利。因此，本研究采用GO来帮助小学生进行计算思维和编程学习，并采用准实验设计来评估其效果。结果表明，尽管所有学生都表现出了应用计算思维解决问题的意识，但那些接触基于 GO 的教学的学生表现出更高水平的计算思维、编程技能和心流体验。