Augmentation of the alveolar bone is important before oral implantation. For large bone defects, it becomes necessary to apply guided bone regeneration (GBR) materials, accompanied by filling defect sites with autologous or allogeneic bone, or bone substitutes such as acellular bone powder. In this study, we tested a granular bone substitute and GBR membrane combination therapy in treating MC3T3-E1 and L929 cells in vitro and rat calvarial and alveolar defects in vivo. The recovery conditions of bone defects were monitored by micro-CT, and 3D reconstruction of the CT images was applied to evaluate the bone augmentation semi-quantitatively. Test GBR materials could support the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, poly (p-dioxanone-co-L-phenylalanine) (PDPA)-based membrane could induce apoptosis of L929 cells. Among GBR membranes applied groups, the regeneration condition of defected calvarial defects of PDPA based membrane applied group was the best and this may be caused by its excellent positive space acquiring effect. However, in a complex bacteriogenic environment, the oral bone regeneration-guided efficacy of the PDPA membrane decreased in the post-repair stage with the aggravation of infections. By contrast, the antimicrobial membrane combined with the PDPA membrane exhibited continually increasing GBR efficacy at the later stage of repair owing to its multifunctional properties, which are infection-inhibiting and positive space acquiring. Therefore, multifunctional GBR membranes are preferable for GBR in complex oral environments, and further research should be conducted to determine their efficacy in other models.

中文翻译：

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正间隙获取膜和抗菌膜联合颗粒骨替代物植入引导口腔骨再生的效果

在口腔种植之前，牙槽骨的增强非常重要。对于大的骨缺损，需要应用引导骨再生（GBR）材料，并用自体或同种异体骨或脱细胞骨粉等骨替代品填充缺损部位。在这项研究中，我们测试了颗粒骨替代物和GBR膜联合疗法在体外治疗MC3T3-E1和L929细胞以及在体内治疗大鼠颅骨和牙槽缺损的效果。通过显微CT监测骨缺损的恢复情况，并应用CT图像的3D重建来半定量评估骨增量。测试GBR材料可以支持MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖，聚(对二氧环己酮-L-苯丙氨酸)(PDPA)基膜可以诱导L929细胞凋亡。在GBR膜应用组中，PDPA基膜应用组颅骨缺损的再生状况最好，这可能是由于其优异的正空间获取效果所致。然而，在复杂的生菌环境下，PDPA膜修复后阶段的口腔骨再生引导功效随着感染的加重而下降。相比之下，抗菌膜与PDPA膜结合，由于其具有抑制感染和获得积极空间的多功能特性，在修复后期表现出不断增强的GBR功效。因此，多功能GBR膜更适合复杂口腔环境中的GBR，并且应该进行进一步的研究以确定其在其他模型中的功效。