OBJECTIVES Problematic substance use is one of the most stigmatized health conditions leading research to examine how the labels and models used to describe it influence public stigma. Two recent studies examine whether beliefs in a disease model of addiction influence public stigma but result in equivocal findings-in line with the mixed-blessings model, Kelly et al. (2021) found that while the label "chronically relapsing brain disease" reduced blame attribution, it decreased prognostic optimism and increased perceived danger and need for continued care; however, Rundle et al. (2021) conclude absence of evidence. This study isolates the different factors used in these two studies to assess whether health condition (drug use vs. health concern), etiological label (brain disease vs. problem), and attributional judgment (low vs. high treatment stability) influence public stigma toward problematic substance use. METHOD Overall, 1,613 participants were assigned randomly to one of the eight vignette conditions that manipulated these factors. They completed self-report measures of discrete and general public stigma and an indirect measure of discrimination. RESULTS Greater social distance, danger, and public stigma but lower blame were ascribed to drug use relative to a health concern. Greater (genetic) blame was reported when drug use was labeled as a "chronically relapsing brain disease" relative to a "problem." Findings for attributional judgment were either inconclusive or statistically equivalent. DISCUSSION The labels used to describe problematic substance use appear to impact discrete elements of stigma. We suggest that addiction is a functional attribution, which may explain the mixed literature on the impact of etiological labels on stigma to date. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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用于描述有问题的物质使用的标签和模型影响耻辱的离散要素：注册报告。

目标 有问题的物质使用是最受污名化的健康状况之一，因此需要开展研究来研究用于描述它的标签和模型如何影响公众的污名。Kelly 等人最近的两项研究探讨了对成瘾疾病模型的信念是否会影响公众的耻辱感，但结果却模棱两可，与混合祝福模型一致。(2021) 发现，虽然“慢性复发性脑病”标签减少了归咎，但它降低了预后乐观情绪，增加了感知危险和持续护理的需要；然而，朗德尔等人。（2021）得出缺乏证据的结论。本研究分离了这两项研究中使用的不同因素，以评估健康状况（吸毒与健康问题）、病因学标签（脑部疾病与问题）和归因判断（低与高治疗稳定性）是否影响公众对有问题的物质使用。方法 总体而言，1,613 名参与者被随机分配到操纵这些因素的八个小插曲条件之一。他们完成了离散和一般公众耻辱的自我报告测量以及歧视的间接测量。结果 与健康问题相比，吸毒造成的社会距离、危险和公众耻辱更大，但受到的指责较少。当吸毒被贴上与“问题”相关的“慢性复发性脑部疾病”的标签时，就会有更大的（遗传）责任。归因判断的结果要么是不确定的，要么是统计上相当的。讨论 用于描述有问题的物质使用的标签似乎会影响耻辱的离散元素。我们认为成瘾是一种功能归因，这可能解释迄今为止关于病因标签对耻辱影响的混合文献。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。