AIM This study aimed to (1) quantify attention and executive functioning in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), (2) assess whether some children with DCD are more likely to show attention difficulties, and (3) characterize brain correlates of motor and attention deficits. METHOD Fifty-three children (36 with DCD and 17 without) aged 8 to 10 years underwent T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and standardized attention and motor assessments. Parents completed questionnaires of executive functioning and symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity. We assessed regional cortical thickness and surface area, and cerebellar, callosal, and primary motor tract structure. RESULTS Analyses of covariance and one-sample t-tests identified impaired attention, non-motor processing speed, and executive functioning in children with DCD, yet partial Spearman's rank correlation coefficients revealed these were unrelated to one another or the type or severity of the motor deficit. Robust regression analyses revealed that cortical morphology in the posterior cingulate was associated with both gross motor skills and inattentive symptoms in children with DCD, while gross motor skills were also associated with left corticospinal tract (CST) morphology. INTERPRETATION Children with DCD may benefit from routine attention and hyperactivity assessments. Alterations in the posterior cingulate and CST may be linked to impaired forward modelling during movements in children with DCD. Overall, alterations in these regions may explain the high rate of non-motor impairments in children with DCD.

中文翻译：

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患有发育协调障碍的儿童的注意力和运动特征：神经心理学和神经影像学调查。

目的 本研究旨在 (1) 量化患有发育性协调障碍 (DCD) 的儿童的注意力和执行功能，(2) 评估一些患有 DCD 的儿童是否更有可能表现出注意力困难，以及 (3) 描述运动和执行功能的大脑相关性。注意力缺陷。方法 对 53 名 8 至 10 岁儿童（36 名患有 DCD，17 名未患有 DCD）进行 T1 加权和弥散加权磁共振成像，以及标准化注意力和运动评估。父母完成了执行功能以及注意力不集中和多动症状的调查问卷。我们评估了区域皮质厚度和表面积，以及小脑、胼胝体和初级运动束结构。结果 协方差分析和单样本 t 检验发现 DCD 儿童的注意力、非运动处理速度和执行功能受损，但部分 Spearman 等级相关系数显示，这些指标之间彼此无关，也与运动类型或严重程度无关。赤字。稳健回归分析显示，后扣带皮层形态与 DCD 儿童的粗大运动技能和注意力不集中症状相关，而粗大运动技能也与左皮质脊髓束 (CST) 形态相关。解释 患有发展性协调障碍 (DCD) 的儿童可能会受益于常规注意力和多动评估。后扣带回和 CST 的改变可能与 DCD 儿童运动过程中前向建模受损有关。总体而言，这些区域的变化可能解释了患有发展性协调障碍 (DCD) 的儿童非运动障碍的高发生率。