The paper examines the effect of doping elements on the structurization and properties of a new antifriction composite produced from grinding waste of the R2AM9K5 high-speed tool steel and CaF₂ solid lubricant. The composite is intended for operation at loads of 2.0–3.0 MPa and high rotation speeds (5,000–7,000 rpm) in contact joints of high-speed printing machines. The production process imparted a heterophase structure to the antifriction composite. The composite consists of a metal pearlite–carbide and carbonitride matrix and CaF₂ solid lubricant particles being evenly distributed in it. Valuable Mo, Cr, W, V, N, and Co doping elements contained in the R2AM9K5 steel waste particles promote the formation of strengthening phases in the composite’s metal matrix. In combination with CaF₂ solid lubricant, these strengthening phases impart high antifriction properties to the material under high-speed friction at speeds up to 7,000 rpm and loads of 2.0–3.0 MPa. Comparative tests of the new R2AM9K5 steel + (4.0−8.0)% CaF₂ composite demonstrated significant advantages in the antifriction properties over cast brass, currently used for units of modern rotary printing machines and can perform effectively only under continuous liquid lubrication. The R2AM9K5 steel waste composite containing CaF₂ solid lubricant permanently forms a protective antifriction film on the contact surfaces in the friction process, which was confirmed by electron microscopy studies. Under these friction conditions, the film is continuous, uniform, and smooth and is constantly restored on its worn areas, leading to self-lubrication. When the rotation speed increases up to 8,000 rpm, the composite antifriction properties decrease as the film on the contact surfaces becomes discontinuous. The research allowed operating limits to be determined for applying the new composite and proved the effectiveness of industrial grinding waste in developing high-quality structural materials through a reasoned choice of secondary raw materials, considering the nature of doping elements present in them.

本文研究了掺杂元素对由R2AM9K5高速工具钢磨削废料和CaF 2_固体润滑剂生产的新型减摩复合材料的结构和性能的影响。该复合材料适用于高速印刷机接触接头中 2.0–3.0 MPa 负载和高转速（5,000–7,000 rpm）的操作。生产过程赋予减摩复合材料多相结构。该复合材料由金属珠光体-碳化物和碳氮化物基体和均匀分布在其中的CaF _{2固体润滑剂颗粒组成。}R2AM9K5钢废料颗粒中含有有价值的Mo、Cr、W、V、N和Co掺杂元素，可促进复合材料金属基体中强化相的形成。与 CaF ₂固体润滑剂相结合，这些强化相在高达 7,000 rpm 的速度和 2.0–3.0 MPa 负载的高速摩擦下赋予材料高减摩性能。新型 R2AM9K5 钢 + (4.0−8.0)% CaF ₂复合材料的对比测试表明，与铸造黄铜相比，其减摩性能具有显着优势，铸造黄铜目前用于现代轮转印刷机装置，并且只能在连续液体润滑下有效运行。电子显微镜研究证实，含有CaF ₂固体润滑剂的R2AM9K5废钢复合材料在摩擦过程中在接触表面永久形成保护性减摩膜。在这些摩擦条件下，薄膜连续、均匀、光滑，并在磨损区域不断恢复，从而实现自润滑。当转速增加到 8,000 rpm 时，由于接触表面上的薄膜变得不连续，复合材料的减摩性能会下降。该研究确定了应用新型复合材料的操作限制，并考虑到其中存在的掺杂元素的性质，合理选择二次原材料，证明了工业研磨废料在开发高质量结构材料方面的有效性。