Significance Hyperspectral microscopy grants the ability to characterize unique properties of tissues based on their spectral fingerprint. The ability to label and measure multiple molecular probes simultaneously provides pathologists and oncologists with a powerful tool to enhance accurate diagnostic and prognostic decisions. As the pathological workload grows, having an objective tool that provides companion diagnostics is of immense importance. Therefore, fast whole-slide spectral imaging systems are of immense importance for automated cancer prognostics that meet current and future needs. Aim We aim to develop a fast and accurate hyperspectral microscopy system that can be easily integrated with existing microscopes and provide flexibility for optimizing measurement time versus spectral resolution. Approach The method employs compressive sensing (CS) and a spectrally encoded illumination device integrated into the illumination path of a standard microscope. The spectral encoding is obtained using a compact liquid crystal cell that is operated in a fast mode. It provides time-efficient measurements of the spectral information, is modular and versatile, and can also be used for other applications that require rapid acquisition of hyperspectral images. Results We demonstrated the acquisition of breast cancer biopsies hyperspectral data of the whole camera area within ∼1  s. This means that a typical 1×1  cm2 biopsy can be measured in ∼10  min. The hyperspectral images with 250 spectral bands are reconstructed from 47 spectrally encoded images in the spectral range of 450 to 700 nm. Conclusions CS hyperspectral microscopy was successfully demonstrated on a common lab microscope for measuring biopsies stained with the most common stains, such as hematoxylin and eosin. The high spectral resolution demonstrated here in a rather short time indicates the ability to use it further for coping with the highly demanding needs of pathological diagnostics, both for cancer diagnostics and prognostics.

中文翻译：

---

用于癌症检测的压缩高光谱显微镜。

意义 高光谱显微镜能够根据组织的光谱指纹来表征组织的独特特性。同时标记和测量多个分子探针的能力为病理学家和肿瘤学家提供了增强准确诊断和预后决策的强大工具。随着病理工作量的增加，拥有一个提供伴随诊断的客观工具非常重要。因此，快速全玻片光谱成像系统对于满足当前和未来需求的自动化癌症预后至关重要。目标我们的目标是开发一种快速、准确的高光谱显微镜系统，该系统可以轻松地与现有显微镜集成，并为优化测量时间与光谱分辨率提供灵活性。方法 该方法采用压缩传感 (CS) 和集成到标准显微镜照明路径中的光谱编码照明装置。光谱编码是使用在快速模式下操作的紧凑液晶单元获得的。它提供了高效的光谱信息测量，具有模块化和多功能性，还可用于需要快速采集高光谱图像的其他应用。结果我们证明了在 1 秒内即可获取整个相机区域的乳腺癌活检高光谱数据。这意味着典型的 1×1 cm2 活检可以在 ∼10 分钟内完成测量。具有 250 个光谱带的高光谱图像是从 450 至 700 nm 光谱范围内的 47 个光谱编码图像重建的。结论 CS 高光谱显微镜已在普通实验室显微镜上成功演示，用于测量用最常见的染色剂（如苏木精和伊红）染色的活检组织。在相当短的时间内展示的高光谱分辨率表明能够进一步使用它来应对病理诊断的高要求需求，无论是癌症诊断还是预后。