To disentangle the effects of key dimensions of dispositional mindfulness on parenting, the present study tests the hypotheses that parental Nonreactivity moderates the association between Observing and effective parenting behaviors, and that parental inhibitory control mediates the relationship between Observing and parenting depending on levels of Nonreactivity. The sample consists of 294 fathers (95.9% deployed) and 313 mothers (81.5% nondeployed) from 336 military families with a child aged between 4 and 13 years at baseline. Parents reported Observing and Nonreactivity at baseline using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and completed a computerized Go/No-Go task for assessing inhibitory control at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Families completed a series of in-home interaction tasks at baseline and 2-year follow-up, and effective parenting behaviors were observed and coded using a theory-driven, empirically validated coding system. Results showed that when fathers reported low Nonreactivity, the association between Observing and effective parenting behaviors 2 years later was negative, but this association became positive when fathers reported high Nonreactivity. Fathers' Observing was associated with decreased inhibitory control 1 year later when they reported low (vs. high) Nonreactivity, whereas mothers' Observing was associated with increased inhibitory control 1 year later when they reported high (vs. low) Nonreactivity. The hypothesized effect of inhibitory control as a mediator was not found. Understanding specificity in the effects of dispositional mindfulness dimensions on parenting behaviors will drive effective and efficient designs of mindful parenting interventions. Future research should use dismantling experimental designs to test the synergistic effects of Observing and Nonreactivity in parents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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将观察和非反应性正念与养育联系起来：通过抑制控制调节直接和间接影响。

为了阐明性格正念的关键维度对养育的影响，本研究检验了以下假设：父母的非反应性调节观察和有效养育行为之间的关联，而父母的抑制控制根据非反应性水平调节观察和养育行为之间的关系。该样本由来自 336 个军人家庭的 294 名父亲（95.9% 部署在部队）和 313 名母亲（81.5% 未部署在部队）组成，基线时孩子年龄在 4 岁至 13 岁之间。家长使用五方面正念问卷报告基线时的观察和非反应性，并完成计算机化的进行/不进行任务，以评估基线和一年随访的抑制控制。家庭在基线和两年随访中完成了一系列家庭互动任务，并使用理论驱动、经经验验证的编码系统观察和编码有效的养育行为。结果显示，当父亲报告低非反应性时，两年后观察与有效养育行为之间的相关性为负相关，但当父亲报告高非反应性时，这种相关性变为正相关。一年后，当父亲报告低（相对于高）非反应性时，父亲的观察与抑制控制下降相关；而母亲的观察与一年后报告高（相对于低）非反应性时抑制控制增强相关。没有发现抑制控制作为中介的假设效果。了解性格正念维度对养育行为影响的特殊性将推动正念养育干预措施的有效和高效设计。未来的研究应该使用拆解实验设计来测试父母观察和不反应的协同效应。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。