Summary Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation mechanism. The most distinctive feature of autophagy is the formation of double-membrane structures called autophagosomes, which compartmentalize portions of the cytoplasm. The outer membrane of the autophagosome fuses with the vacuolar/lysosomal membrane, leading to the degradation of the contents of the autophagosome. Approximately 30 years have passed since the identification of autophagy-related (ATG) genes and Atg proteins essential for autophagosome formation, and the primary functions of these Atg proteins have been elucidated. These achievements have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanism of autophagosome formation. This article summarizes our current knowledge on how the autophagosome precursor is generated, and how the membrane expands and seals to complete the autophagosome.

中文翻译：

---

自噬的分子机制，脂质膜的细胞质分区

摘要 自噬是一种高度保守的细胞内降解机制。自噬最显着的特征是形成称为自噬体的双膜结构，它分隔细胞质的部分。自噬体的外膜与液泡/溶酶体膜融合，导致自噬体内容物的降解。自从鉴定出自噬相关（ATG）基因和自噬体形成所必需的 Atg 蛋白以来，已经过去了大约 30 年，并且这些 Atg 蛋白的主要功能已被阐明。这些成果极大地推进了我们对自噬体形成机制的理解。本文总结了我们目前关于自噬体前体如何生成，以及膜如何扩张和密封以完成自噬体的知识。