Over the past few decades, the public recognition of the prevalence of certain classes of pollutants, such as perfluoroalkyl substances and nanoplastics, within the environment, has sparked growing concerns over their potential impact on environmental and human health. Within both environmental and biological systems, the adsorption and structural organization of pollutants at aqueous interfaces can greatly impact the chemical reactivity and transformation. Experimentally probing chemical behavior at interfaces can often pose a problem due to bulk solvated molecules convoluting molecular signatures from interfacial molecules. To solve this problem, there exist interface-specific nonlinear spectroscopy techniques that can directly probe both macroscopic planar interfaces and nanoplastic interfaces in aqueous environments. These techniques can provide essential information such as chemical adsorption, structure, and reactivity at interfaces. In this perspective, these techniques are presented with obvious advantages for studying the chemical properties of pollutants adsorbed to environmental and biological interfaces.

中文翻译：

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“非线性”追求理解环境和生物界面的污染物积累和化学。

在过去的几十年里，公众认识到环境中某些类别的污染物（例如全氟烷基物质和纳米塑料）的普遍存在，引发了人们对其对环境和人类健康潜在影响的日益关注。在环境和生物系统中，污染物在水界面的吸附和结构组织可以极大地影响化学反应和转化。由于大量溶剂化分子会混淆界面分子的分子特征，因此通过实验探测界面处的化学行为通常会带来问题。为了解决这个问题，存在界面特异性非线性光谱技术，可以直接探测水环境中的宏观平面界面和纳米塑料界面。这些技术可以提供重要信息，例如化学吸附、结构和界面反应性。从这个角度来看，这些技术对于研究吸附在环境和生物界面上的污染物的化学性质具有明显的优势。