Improving waste and resource management (WaRM) around the world can halve the weight of plastics entering the oceans, significantly mitigate global heating and contribute directly to 12 of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). Achieving such results demands understanding and learning from historical evolution of WaRM. The baseline is 1970, prior to environmental legislation. Early steps in the Global North focused on the 'technical fix' within strictly enforced legal frameworks, first bringing hazardous wastes and municipal solid wastes (MSW) under control, then gradually ramping up environmental standards. Using modern technologies to the Global South often failed due to institutional and financial constraints. From 1990, focus switched to integrating technical and governance aspects: local institutional coherence, financial sustainability, provider inclusivity, user inclusivity, national legislative and policy framework. The Global North rediscovered recycling, using policy measures to promote segregation at source; this relied on new markets in emerging economies, which had largely disappeared by 2020. The Global South is making progress on bringing wastes under control, but around 2.7 billion people lack access to waste collection, while ~40% of collected MSW is open dumped or burned - a continuing global waste emergency. So, much remains to be done to move further towards a circular economy. Three policy priorities are critical for all countries: access to sustainable financing, rethinking sustainable recycling and worldwide extended producer responsibility with teeth. Extending services to unserved communities (SDG11.6.1) requires a people-centred approach, working with communities to provide both quality services and decent livelihoods for collection and recycling workers.

中文翻译：

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汲取过去的教训，规划未来：1970-2020 年废物和资源管理演变的历史回顾以及对 2020-2030 年优先事项的反思 - 相关证人的视角。

改善世界各地的废物和资源管理 (WaRM) 可以将进入海洋的塑料重量减半，显着缓解全球变暖，并直接为 17 个可持续发展目标 (SDG) 中的 12 个做出贡献。实现这样的结果需要理解战争管理的历史演变并从中学习。基线是 1970 年，环境立法之前。北半球国家的早期举措侧重于严格执行的法律框架内的“技术修复”，首先控制危险废物和城市固体废物（MSW），然后逐步提高环境标准。由于体制和财政限制，在全球南方使用现代技术常常失败。从 1990 年起，重点转向整合技术和治理方面：地方机构一致性、财务可持续性、提供商包容性、用户包容性、国家立法和政策框架。北半球国家重新发现了回收利用，利用政策措施促进源头隔离；这依赖于新兴经济体的新市场，而这些市场到 2020 年已基本消失。全球南方在控制废物方面正在取得进展，但约 27 亿人缺乏废物收集的机会，而收集到的城市固体废物的约 40% 被露天倾倒或烧毁——持续的全球废物紧急情况。因此，要进一步迈向循环经济，还有很多工作要做。三个政策优先事项对所有国家都至关重要：获得可持续融资、重新思考可持续回收以及在全球范围内切实扩大生产者责任。将服务扩展到未获得服务的社区（SDG11.6.1）需要采取以人为本的方法，与社区合作，为收集和回收工人提供优质服务和体面生计。