PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mucormycosis (MCR) is a common opportunistic mold infection, and Mucorales were recently designated by WHO as priority pathogens. The interest in this infection has risen significantly since the major outbreak of MCR in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in India. Herein, we summarize recently (last 24 months) published information regarding clinical aspects of MCR. RECENT FINDINGS The disease remains protean in its clinical presentation, difficult to diagnose, and challenging to treat. In 2021, cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) exploded in India during COVID-19 and manifested primarily as sino-orbital or sino-cerebral disease. Its classic risk factors included the triad of COVID-19, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and use of corticosteroids. Despite difficulties in the timely diagnosis of MCR, significant progress has been made with the use of molecular techniques in blood to assist with earlier diagnosis, which can facilitate earlier appropriate therapy and improve outcomes. In addition, advances have been made in the use of imaging to stage the disease, determining what types of multimodal therapy are required depending on staging, and tissue-based identification of Mucorales. SUMMARY Although the outlook for MCR has improved, effective new antifungals, risk stratification, and the optimal multimodality approaches remain an unmet need.

中文翻译：

---

毛霉菌病：临床表现、诊断和治疗的最新进展。

回顾目的毛霉菌病（MCR）是一种常见的机会性霉菌感染，毛霉菌最近被世界卫生组织指定为优先病原体。自 COVID-19 大流行背景下 MCR 大规模爆发以来，人们对这种感染的兴趣显着上升，特别是在印度。在此，我们总结了最近（过去 24 个月）发布的有关 MCR 临床方面的信息。最近的发现 该疾病的临床表现仍然千变万化，诊断困难，治疗也具有挑战性。2021 年，印度 COVID-19 期间与 COVID-19 相关的毛霉菌病 (CAM) 病例激增，主要表现为窦性眼眶或窦性脑部疾病。其典型危险因素包括 COVID-19 三联征、未受控制的糖尿病和皮质类固醇的使用。尽管及时诊断 MCR 存在困难，但在血液中使用分子技术协助早期诊断已取得重大进展，这可以促进早期适当的治疗并改善结果。此外，在使用成像技术对疾病进行分期、根据分期确定需要何种类型的多模式治疗以及基于组织的毛霉目鉴定方面也取得了进展。摘要 尽管 MCR 的前景有所改善，但有效的新型抗真菌药物、风险分层和最佳的多模式方法仍然是未满足的需求。