Individual development and aging are shaped by historical changes in sociocultural contexts. Studies indicate that later-born cohorts experience improvements in well-being in the young-old. However, whether this historical trend holds in the old-old remains unknown. Using longitudinal data of Japanese older adults, we examined birth cohort differences in trajectories of well-being as measured by life satisfaction. Data were derived from a nationally representative study conducted from 1987 to 2012. We compared earlier- and later-born cohorts over 10 years in two age groups: the young-old (n = 1,195 per cohort; age 63-74; years of birth: 1913-1924 and 1925-1936) and the old-old (n = 436 per cohort; age 75-86; years of birth: 1901-1912 and 1913-1924). To control for covariates, we used case-matched cohorts based on age and sex. Growth curve models were employed to estimate age-related changes in life satisfaction by age group. At age 75 years, life satisfaction was higher in the later-born cohort than in the earlier-born cohort across age groups. Cohort differences in the rate of change in life satisfaction were absent among the young-old. Among the old-old, the later-born cohort showed steeper declines than the earlier-born cohort. Socioeconomic, social, and health resources did not fully explain the cohort differences in both age groups. Our results suggest that historical improvements in well-being in the young-old do not persist into the old-old. Societal advancements may enable later-born cohorts to survive with limited resources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

日本老年人生活满意度轨迹的队列差异。

个人发展和老龄化是由社会文化背景的历史变化决定的。研究表明，较晚出生的人群的年轻老年人的幸福感有所改善。然而，这种历史趋势是否在过去仍然存在仍然未知。我们利用日本老年人的纵向数据，研究了以生活满意度衡量的幸福轨迹的出生队列差异。数据来自 1987 年至 2012 年进行的一项具有全国代表性的研究。我们比较了 10 岁以上出生较早和较晚的队列，分为两个年龄组：年轻和老年人（每组 n = 1,195 人；年龄 63-74 岁；出生年份：1913-1924 年和 1925-1936 年）和老年人（每组 n = 436 人；年龄 75-86 岁；出生年份：1901-1912 年和 1913-1924 年）。为了控制协变量，我们使用基于年龄和性别的病例匹配队列。采用生长曲线模型来估计各年龄组的生活满意度与年龄相关的变化。在 75 岁时，各个年龄组中晚出生人群的生活满意度高于早出生人群。年轻人与老年人之间的生活满意度变化率不存在队列差异。在老年人中，出生较晚的人群比出生较早的人群下降幅度更大。社会经济、社会和卫生资源并不能完全解释两个年龄组的队列差异。我们的研究结果表明，年轻老年人福祉的历史性改善并不会持续到老年人身上。社会进步可能使后来出生的群体能够在有限的资源下生存。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。