Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and has a high mortality, posing a great threat to both human physical and mental health. With the advancement of scientific research, a variety of cancer therapies have been used for OSCC treatment. However, the prognosis of OSCC shows no significant improvement. Metformin has been recognized as the first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes, and recent studies have shown that metformin has a remarkable suppressive effect on tumor progression. Metformin can not only affect the energy metabolism of tumor cells but also play an antitumor role by modulating the tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells. In this review, the molecular mechanism of metformin and its anticancer mechanism in OSCC are summarized. In addition, this article summarizes the side effects of metformin and the future prospects of its application in the treatment of OSCC.

中文翻译：

---

二甲双胍治疗口腔鳞状细胞癌的研究进展。

口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，死亡率较高，对人类身心健康构成巨大威胁。随着科学研究的进步，多种癌症疗法已被用于OSCC的治疗。然而，OSCC的预后并没有显着改善。二甲双胍已被公认为治疗糖尿病的一线药物，近期研究表明二甲双胍对肿瘤进展具有显着的抑制作用。二甲双胍不仅可以影响肿瘤细胞的能量代谢，还可以通过调节肿瘤微环境和肿瘤干细胞发挥抗肿瘤作用。本文对二甲双胍的分子机制及其在口腔鳞癌中的抗癌作用机制进行综述。此外，本文还总结了二甲双胍的副作用及其在口腔鳞癌治疗中的应用前景。