AIM To investigate the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a population-based birth cohort and correlate the findings with prenatal and perinatal factors. We hypothesized that children born preterm, having experienced preeclampsia or maternal overweight, would have an increased risk of ADHD or ASD. METHOD A Swedish cohort of 2666 children (1350 males, 1316 females) has been followed from birth with parental and perinatal data. The National Board of Health and Welfare's registries were used to collect data regarding perinatal status and assigned diagnoses at the age of 12 years. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD and ASD was 7.6% and 1.1% respectively. Maternal obesity early in pregnancy resulted in a three-fold increased risk of ADHD in the child. Similarly, paternal obesity resulted in a two-fold increased risk. The association was significant also when adjusted for sex, preterm birth, smoking, and lower educational level. The prevalence of ASD was too low for statistically relevant risk factor analyses. INTERPRETATION Our results corroborate earlier findings regarding prevalence and sex ratio for both ADHD and ASD. Maternal body mass index and preterm birth were correlated with an ADHD diagnosis at the age of 12 years.

中文翻译：

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12 岁儿童注意力缺陷/多动障碍和自闭症的患病率：基于人群的队列。

目的 调查基于人口的出生队列中注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 和自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的患病率，并将结果与​​产前和围产期因素相关联。我们假设，患有先兆子痫或母亲超重的早产儿患 ADHD 或 ASD 的风险会增加。方法 对瑞典 2666 名儿童（1350 名男性，1316 名女性）进行了从出生起的跟踪调查，并提供了父母和围产期数据。国家卫生和福利委员会的登记处用于收集有关围产期状况和 12 岁时诊断的数据。结果 ADHD 和 ASD 患病率分别为 7.6% 和 1.1%。怀孕早期母亲肥胖会导致孩子患多动症的风险增加三倍。同样，父亲肥胖导致风险增加两倍。当调整性别、早产、吸烟和较低教育水平后，这种关联也很显着。ASD 的患病率太低，无法进行统计相关的危险因素分析。解释 我们的结果证实了早期关于 ADHD 和 ASD 患病率和性别比例的发现。母亲体重指数和早产与 12 岁时诊断出 ADHD 相关。