Introduction

Due to medical, psychological, and social factors, Italian trans and gender-diverse (TGD) people encounter significant barriers in their gender affirming pathway (GAP), both in formal and informal settings. The minority stress model highlights how structural obstacles reinforce the marginalization of the TGD population in society, while activism becomes a strategy to cope and a source of resilience.

Methods

The research aims to investigate challenges in the GAP for TGD individuals, adopting an ecological perspective. Twenty-five Italian TGD activists were interviewed using semi-structured interviews with sections on personal experiences, relationships with professionals and the LGBTQIA + community, and activism. Data were collected in June–November 2021.

Results

Following an ecological approach, the results were organized into a multilevel systemic model. Overall, participants highlighted the rigidity of the actual institutional GAP, calling for a more tailored approach. The study suggests that the Italian institutional GAP system is detached from the TGD population’s needs.

Conclusion

From participants’ accounts, engaging with TGD individuals through bottom-up approaches can represent a turning point in addressing the TGD population’s medical, psychological, and social needs throughout their GAP.

Policy Implications

Professionals involved in the pathway should play a role in supporting and listening to the needs of TGD people, aiming to reduce the structural and bureaucratic difficulties encountered within the GAP.

中文翻译：

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当前与期望：通过生态框架内的跨性别者、非二元性别和性别质疑活动家的工作改变性别肯定路径

介绍

由于医疗、心理和社会因素，意大利跨性别者和性别多元化 (TGD) 人士在正式和非正式场合的性别肯定途径 (GAP) 中都遇到了重大障碍。少数群体压力模型强调了结构性障碍如何加剧 TGD 人群在社会中的边缘化，而激进主义则成为应对策略和复原力的来源。

方法

该研究旨在从生态角度探讨 TGD 个体在 GAP 方面面临的挑战。25 名意大利 TGD 活动人士接受了半结构化访谈，其中部分内容涉及个人经历、与专业人士和 LGBTQIA+ 社区的关系以及活动主义。数据收集于 2021 年 6 月至 11 月。

结果

按照生态方法，结果被组织成一个多层次的系统模型。总体而言，与会者强调了实际机构差距的严格性，呼吁采取更有针对性的方法。研究表明，意大利机构 GAP 体系与 TGD 人群的需求脱节。

结论

根据参与者的说法，通过自下而上的方法与 TGD 个体接触可以代表解决 TGD 人群在整个 GAP 期间的医疗、心理和社会需求的转折点。

政策影响

参与该途径的专业人员应在支持和倾听 TGD 人员的需求方面发挥作用，旨在减少 GAP 中遇到的结构性和官僚主义困难。