Climate change is exacerbating the occurrence of compound droughts and heatwaves (CDHWs), which pose a serious threat to human health and socio-economic development. Using daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and monthly self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (sc-PDSI) dataset, the evolution patterns of CDHWs and compound wet-heatwave events, the dominant drivers and the relative contributions of droughts and heatwaves in the drylands and humid areas from 1961 to 2020 were compared and analyzed. The results show that the CDHWs are stronger in drylands than in humid areas, the growth rate of CDHWs in drylands was almost twice that of the humid areas, the CDHWs are greater than the multi-year average intensity of compound wet-heatwave events by up to 2.4 times. Moreover, CDHWs has increased significantly from the past period (1961–1990) to the recent warm period (1991–2020), and the heatwave threshold has increased by about 5 °C. In most drylands, the contribution of heatwaves to CDHWs dominates, whereas in humid areas, the droughts contribution to CDHWs does. The compounding effects of droughts and heatwaves may exacerbate the severity of CDHWs regionally and are most pronounced in drylands, taking into account optimal lags. The study findings could provide scientific and technological support to actively address global climate change risks.

气候变化加剧了干旱热浪复合灾害的发生，对人类健康和社会经济发展构成严重威胁。利用每日最高温度（Tmax）和每月自校准帕尔默干旱严重程度指数（sc-PDSI）数据集，研究了CDHW和复合湿热浪事件的演变模式、干旱地区和热浪的主要驱动因素以及相对贡献。对1961年至2020年的湿润地区进行了比较和分析。结果表明:旱地的CDHW比湿润地区强,旱地CDHW的增长率几乎是湿润地区的2倍,CDHW比复合湿热浪事件的多年平均强度高出至2.4倍。此外，从过去时期（1961-1990年）到近期暖期（1991-2020年），CDHW显着增加，热浪阈值增加了约5℃。在大多数干旱地区，热浪对 CDHW 的贡献占主导地位，而在潮湿地区，干旱对 CDHW 的贡献则占主导地位。考虑到最佳滞后性，干旱和热浪的复合效应可能会加剧区域性 CDHW 的严重程度，并且在旱地最为明显。研究结果可为积极应对全球气候变化风险提供科技支撑。