This paper presents evidence of large learning losses and partial recovery in Guanajuato, Mexico, during and after the school closures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Learning losses were estimated using administrative data from enrollment records and by comparing the results of a census-based standardized test administered to approximately 20,000 5th and 6th graders in: (a) March 2020 (a few weeks before school closed); (b) November 2021 (2 months after schools reopened); and (c) June of 2023 (21 months after schools re-opened and over three years after the pandemic started). On average, students performed 0.2 to 0.3 standard deviations lower in Spanish and math after schools reopened, equivalent to 0.66 to 0.87 years of schooling in Spanish and 0.87 to 1.05 years of schooling in math. By June of 2023, students were able to make up for $\sim$60% of the learning loss that built up during school closures but still scored 0.08–0.11 standard deviations below their pre-pandemic levels (equivalent to 0.23–0.36 years of schooling).

本文提供了墨西哥瓜纳华托州在因 COVID-19 大流行而学校停课期间和之后出现的大量学习损失和部分恢复的证据。使用入学记录中的管理数据并通过比较在以下时间对大约 20,000 名五年级和六年级学生进行的基于人口普查的标准化测试的结果来估计学习损失： (a) 2020 年 3 月（学校关闭前几周）；(b) 2021 年 11 月（学校重新开放后 2 个月）；(c) 2023 年 6 月（学校重新开放后 21 个月，大流行开始后三年多）。平均而言，学校重新开放后，学生的西班牙语和数学成绩降低了 0.2 至 0.3 个标准差，相当于西班牙语教育时间为 0.66 至 0.87 年，数学教育时间为 0.87 至 1.05 年。到2023年6月，学生能够弥补$～$60% 的学习损失是在学校停课期间积累的，但仍比大流行前的水平低 0.08-0.11 个标准差（相当于 0.23-0.36 年的受教育时间）。