Background

Obesity, which is defined as the excess accumulation of body fat, poses metabolic diseases that result in significant health risks. Since conventional anti-obesity medications are known to have significant side effects, we tried a pharmacological approach with a natural product. Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a traditional Asian medicine that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesogenic properties. However, the mechanism of the anti-obesity effects of ginseng leaf extract (GLE) is not yet understood.

Objective

We investigated the mechanism by which GLE inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Results

GLE treatment was administered throughout the 8 days differentiation period or at three stages of adipocyte differentiation (early: days 0–2; intermediate: days 2–4; or late: after day 4). During adipocyte differentiation, GLE treatment significantly inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation at the early stage, leading to a notable reduction in lipid accumulation and a decrease in the expression of crucial adipogenic transcription factors that regulate adipocyte differentiation. GLE also increased the expression of HO-1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a dose-dependent manner during adipocyte differentiation. To evaluate the role of HO-1 induced by GLE, we used HO-1 inhibitor SnPP and HO-1 siRNA. Attenuation of HO-1 function and expression inhibited the decrease in lipid accumulation and adipogenic transcription factor expression caused by GLE; furthermore, inhibition of HO-1 suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Conclusions

Overall, our results suggest that GLE inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating HO-1 expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Therefore, GLE could have preventive uses as a natural product for the treatment of obesity.

中文翻译：

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血红素加氧酶-1介导人参叶提取物对3T3-L1脂肪细胞分化的抑制作用

背景

肥胖被定义为体内脂肪过度积累，会引起代谢疾病，从而导致严重的健康风险。由于已知传统的抗肥胖药物具有显着的副作用，因此我们尝试了使用天然产品的药理学方法。人参（Panax ginseng）是一种传统的亚洲药物，具有抗氧化、抗炎和抗肥胖特性。然而，人参叶提取物（GLE）的抗肥胖作用机制尚不清楚。

客观的

我们研究了 GLE 抑制 3T3-L1 前脂肪细胞分化的机制。

结果

GLE 治疗在整个 8 天的分化期或脂肪细胞分化的三个阶段（早期：第 0-2 天；中间：第 2-4 天；或晚期：第 4 天后）进行。在脂肪细胞分化过程中，GLE处理在早期显着抑制3T3-L1前脂肪细胞分化，导致脂质积累显着减少，并减少调节脂肪细胞分化的关键脂肪形成转录因子的表达。GLE 还在脂肪细胞分化过程中以剂量依赖性方式增加 HO-1 和 Wnt/β-catenin 信号传导的表达。为了评估 GLE 诱导的 HO-1 的作用，我们使用 HO-1 抑制剂 SnPP 和 HO-1 siRNA。HO-1功能和表达的减弱抑制了GLE引起的脂质积累和脂肪形成转录因子表达的减少；此外，抑制 HO-1 还可抑制 Wnt/β-catenin 信号传导。

结论

总的来说，我们的结果表明 GLE 通过调节 HO-1 表达和 Wnt/β-catenin 信号传导来抑制 3T3-L1 前脂肪细胞的分化。因此，GLE 作为治疗肥胖的天然产品可以具有预防性用途。