We aim to develop new types of adsorbents for Reactive Green 19 (RG 19) removal studies by combining nanoparticles and polymeric hydrogel membranes (PHMs). Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [p(HEMA)]-based PHMs embedded with modified nanoparticles are synthesised for the first time ever, and their performance are investigated vis-a-vis Reactive Green 19 (RG 19) removal from aqueous solution. First, p(HEMA) nanoparticles are synthesised by surfactant-free emulsion polymerisation. Next, the nanoparticles are modified with amine and copper (Cu) to increase the number of dye-binding active sites. The PHMs containing modified and unmodified nanoparticles, respectively, are synthesised by photopolymerisation. The PHMs are characterised with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, contact angle, and swelling capacity analyses. RG 19 is removed from aqueous solution under different parameters, such as pH, initial dye concentration, and contact time. The maximum RG 19 adsorption capacities over a 2-h period are 816.0, 648.0, and 194.1 mg/g (pH = 7.0; temp = 298.0 K; dye concentration = 15,000 mg/L) for the PHMs containing amine-modified, Cu-modified, and unmodified nanoparticles, respectively. We observe that the adsorption process occurs over two steps. The kinetic model is compatible with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The RG 19 adsorption capacities of the PHMs do not considerably decrease during six adsorption − desorption cycles. In turn, the PHMs embedded with amine- and Cu-modified nanoparticles, respectively, might be an economical alternative to adsorbents with high adsorption capacity in the context of RG 19 removal studies.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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制备嵌入胺和铜改性纳米结构的聚合物水凝胶膜以去除 RG 19

我们的目标是通过结合纳米颗粒和聚合物水凝胶膜 (PHM) 来开发用于活性绿 19 (RG 19) 去除研究的新型吸附剂。首次合成了嵌入改性纳米颗粒的聚（甲基丙烯酸 2-羟乙酯）[p(HEMA)] 基 PHM，并研究了其从水溶液中去除活性绿 19 (RG 19) 的性能。首先，通过无表面活性剂乳液聚合合成 p(HEMA) 纳米颗粒。接下来，用胺和铜 (Cu) 修饰纳米粒子，以增加染料结合活性位点的数量。分别含有改性和未改性纳米粒子的 PHM 通过光聚合合成。PHM 通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜/能量色散 X 射线光谱、扫描透射电子显微镜、接触角和溶胀能力分析进行表征。在不同的参数（例如 pH、初始染料浓度和接触时间）下从水溶液中去除 RG 19。对于含有胺改性、Cu-的 PHM，2 小时内的最大 RG 19 吸附容量为 816.0、648.0 和 194.1 mg/g（pH = 7.0；温度 = 298.0 K；染料浓度 = 15,000 mg/L）分别是修饰的和未修饰的纳米颗粒。我们观察到吸附过程发生两个步骤。该动力学模型与准二级动力学模型兼容。PHM 的 RG 19 吸附容量在六个吸附-解吸循环中没有显着下降。反过来，在 RG 19 去除研究中，分别嵌入胺和铜改性纳米颗粒的 PHM 可能是具有高吸附能力的吸附剂的经济替代品。

图形概要