The present study uses estimations of the National Accounts system by age and socioeconomic status to analyze inequalities in human capital investment in children. Socioeconomic status is proxied by the household head's education; children are the population under age 21; human capital comprises education and health consumption of National Accounts. The estimates suggest that funding human capital requires the re-assignation of resources between ages and socioeconomic groups and makes evident the central role of government interventions in redistribution. Nevertheless, differences in investment are relevant primarily because of investments funded with private resources. Estimates suggest that the improvement in socioeconomic level has different effects on the destination of resources allocated to children according to the starting level: first, consumption increases, then investment in education, and finally, investment in health.

中文翻译：

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乌拉圭按社会经济地位划分的人力资本投资

本研究使用按年龄和社会经济地位对国民账户体系进行的估计来分析儿童人力资本投资的不平等。社会经济地位以户主的教育程度来衡量；儿童是指21岁以下的人口；人力资本包括国民账户中的教育和健康消费。估计表明，为人力资本提供资金需要在年龄和社会经济群体之间重新分配资源，并凸显了政府干预在再分配中的核心作用。然而，投资差异主要是因为投资是由私人资源资助的。测算表明，社会经济水平的提高对分配给儿童的资源的去向根据起始水平有不同的影响：首先是消费增加，然后是教育投资，最后是健康投资。