Elevated-temperature adsorptive separation involves the selective and rapid adsorption of gas molecules on weakly bonding chemical sites of an adsorbent at elevated temperatures (80–500 °C) and the reversible desorption of the gas molecules at a low cost. It is a significant step in several reactions, such as pre-combustion carbon capture, indirect/direct hydrogen production, ammonia separation, oxygen production from air, and carbon monoxide enrichment. This purification strategy avoids sensible heat loss of the feed gas, heat regeneration, accelerates adsorption kinetics, and can sometimes couple catalysts to achieve sorption-enhanced reactions. Before commercializing elevated-temperature adsorptive separation technologies, highly efficient syntheses for obtaining elevated-temperature-responsive adsorbents are required; competitive adsorption, interactions with gas impurities, and poisoning mechanisms need to be well understood; specific adsorption reactors and processes should also be designed. Therefore, this review covers the key progress made in terms of material design and synthesis, adsorption kinetic models and mechanisms, process design and optimization, as well as system integration for elevated-temperature adsorptive separation. This review will be valuable for the clean fossil-fuel utilization community, as well as energy and chemical industries.

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用于分离应用的高温吸附剂

高温吸附分离涉及在高温（80-500℃）下将气体分子选择性地快速吸附在吸附剂的弱键合化学位点上，并以低成本实现气体分子的可逆解吸。这是多个反应中的重要一步，例如燃烧前碳捕获、间接/直接制氢、氨分离、空气制氧和一氧化碳富集。这种纯化策略避免了原料气的显热损失、热再生、加速吸附动力学，并且有时可以耦合催化剂以实现吸附增强反应。在高温吸附分离技术商业化之前，需要高效合成以获得高温响应吸附剂；需要充分了解竞争吸附、与气体杂质的相互作用以及中毒机制；还应设计特定的吸附反应器和工艺。因此，本文综述了高温吸附分离在材料设计与合成、吸附动力学模型与机理、工艺设计与优化以及系统集成等方面取得的关键进展。本次审查对于清洁化石燃料利用界以及能源和化工行业具有重要意义。